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Longitudinal data tracking repeated measurements on individuals are highly valued for research because they offer controls for unmeasured individual heterogeneity that might otherwise bias results. Random effects or mixed models approaches,…

Applications · Statistics 2009-09-29 J. R. Lockwood , Daniel F. McCaffrey

When drawing causal inferences about the effects of multiple treatments on clustered survival outcomes using observational data, we need to address implications of the multilevel data structure, multiple treatments, censoring and unmeasured…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-02-18 Liangyuan Hu , Jiayi Ji , Ronald D. Ennis , Joseph W. Hogan

Trustworthy deployment of deep learning medical imaging models into real-world clinical practice requires that they be calibrated. However, models that are well calibrated overall can still be poorly calibrated for a sub-population,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-07-21 Changjian Shui , Justin Szeto , Raghav Mehta , Douglas L. Arnold , Tal Arbel

Increasingly complex applications involve large datasets in combination with non-linear and high dimensional mathematical models. In this context, statistical inference is a challenging issue that calls for pragmatic approaches that take…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2013-01-31 Andreas Raue , Clemens Kreutz , Fabian Joachim Theis , Jens Timmer

This paper discusses some problems possibly arising when approximating via Monte-Carlo simulations the distributions of goodness-of-fit test statistics based on the empirical distribution function. We argue that failing to re-estimate…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2008-04-01 Marco Capasso , Lucia Alessi , Matteo Barigozzi , Giorgio Fagiolo

Combining matching and regression for causal inference provides double-robustness in removing treatment effect estimation bias due to confounding variables. In most real-world applications, however, treatment and control populations are not…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-07-14 Alireza S. Mahani , Mansour T. A. Sharabiani

In this paper we address the challenges posed by non-proportional hazards and informative censoring, offering a path toward more meaningful causal inference conclusions. We start from the marginal structural Cox model, which has been widely…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-11-15 Jiyu Luo , Denise Rava , Jelena Bradic , Ronghui Xu

In biomedical and public health association studies, binary outcome variables may be subject to misclassification, resulting in substantial bias in effect estimates. The feasibility of addressing binary outcome misclassification in…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-03-19 Kimberly A. Hochstedler Webb , Martin T. Wells

This paper offers a commentary on the use of notions of statistical significance in choice modelling. We review the reasons for uncertainty in parameter estimates, provide a precise discussion on the computation of measures of uncertainty…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-05-18 Stephane Hess , Andrew Daly , Michiel Bliemer , Angelo Guevara , Ricardo Daziano , Thijs Dekker

Machine learning methods are increasingly applied in medical imaging, yet many reported improvements lack statistical robustness: recent works have highlighted that small but significant performance gains are highly likely to be false…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Thomas Sanchez , Pedro M. Gordaliza , Meritxell Bach Cuadra

Excess hazard modeling is one of the main tools in population-based cancer survival research. Indeed, this setting allows for direct modeling of the survival due to cancer even in the absence of reliable information on the cause of death,…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-04-12 A. Eletti , G. Marra , M. Quaresma , R. Radice , F. J. Rubio

We explore the relationship among model fidelity, experimental design, and parameter estimation in sloppy models. We show that the approximate nature of mathematical models poses challenges for experimental design in sloppy models. In many…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2017-02-08 Andrew White , Malachi Tolman , Howard D. Thames , Hubert Rodney Withers , Kathy A. Mason , Mark K. Transtrum

This paper provides clear and practical guidance on the specification of imputation models when multiple imputation is used in conjunction with doubly robust estimation methods for causal inference. Through theoretical arguments and…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-12-19 Lucy D'Agostino McGowan

Social contact studies, investigating social contact patterns in a population sample, have been an important contribution for epidemic models to better fit real life epidemics. A contact matrix $M$, having the \emph{mean} number of contacts…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2024-08-15 Tom Britton , Frank Ball

As an intrinsic and fundamental property of big data, data heterogeneity exists in a variety of real-world applications, such as precision medicine, autonomous driving, financial applications, etc. For machine learning algorithms, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Jiashuo Liu , Jiayun Wu , Bo Li , Peng Cui

In a recent paper Noh et al. (2013) proposed a new semiparametric estimate of a regression function with a multivariate predictor, which is based on a specification of the dependence structure between the predictor and the response by means…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-11-25 Holger Dette , Ria Van Hecke , Stanislav Volgushev

We use decision theory to confront uncertainty that is sufficiently broad to incorporate "models as approximations." We presume the existence of a featured collection of what we call "structured models" that have explicit substantive…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2022-08-22 Simone Cerreia-Vioglio , Lars Peter Hansen , Fabio Maccheroni , Massimo Marinacci

Monte Carlo methods to evaluate and maximize the likelihood function enable the construction of confidence intervals and hypothesis tests, facilitating scientific investigation using models for which the likelihood function is intractable.…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-02-13 Edward L. Ionides , Carles Breto , Joonha Park , Richard A. Smith , Aaron A. King

Foundation models have emerged as robust models with label efficiency in diverse domains. In medical imaging, these models contribute to the advancement of medical diagnoses due to the difficulty in obtaining labeled data. However, it is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Dilermando Queiroz , Anderson Carlos , Maíra Fatoretto , Luis Filipe Nakayama , André Anjos , Lilian Berton

We provide finite-sample distribution approximations, that are uniform in the parameter, for inference in linear mixed models. Focus is on variances and covariances of random effects in cases where existing theory fails because their…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-07-29 Karl Oskar Ekvall , Matteo Bottai
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