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Karp, Vazirani, and Vazirani (STOC 1990) initiated the study of online bipartite matching, which has held a central role in online algorithms ever since. Of particular importance are the Ranking algorithm for integral matching and the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-05-14 Zhiyi Huang , Zhihao Gavin Tang , Xiaowei Wu , Yuhao Zhang

Online bipartite matching is a classical problem in online algorithms and we know that both the deterministic fractional and randomized integral online matchings achieve the same competitive ratio of $1-\frac{1}{e}$. In this work, we study…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Amey Bhangale , Arghya Chakraborty , Prahladh Harsha

We introduce a fully online model of maximum cardinality matching in which all vertices arrive online. On the arrival of a vertex, its incident edges to previously-arrived vertices are revealed. Each vertex has a deadline that is after all…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-02-13 Zhiyi Huang , Ning Kang , Zhihao Gavin Tang , Xiaowei Wu , Yuhao Zhang , Xue Zhu

The online matching problem was introduced by Karp, Vazirani and Vazirani (STOC 1990) on bipartite graphs with vertex arrivals. It is well-known that the optimal competitive ratio is $1-1/e$ for both integral and fractional versions of the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Sander Borst , Danish Kashaev , Zhuan Khye Koh

Online bipartite matching with one-sided arrival and its variants have been extensively studied since the seminal work of Karp, Vazirani, and Vazirani (STOC 1990). Motivated by real-life applications with dynamic market structures, e.g.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-02-09 Zhihao Gavin Tang , Yuhao Zhang

We introduce a weighted version of the ranking algorithm by Karp et al. (STOC 1990), and prove a competitive ratio of 0.6534 for the vertex-weighted online bipartite matching problem when online vertices arrive in random order. Our result…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-09-13 Zhiyi Huang , Zhihao Gavin Tang , Xiaowei Wu , Yuhao Zhang

The problem of online matching with stochastic rewards is a generalization of the online bipartite matching problem where each edge has a probability of success. When a match is made it succeeds with the probability of the corresponding…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-05-12 Vineet Goyal , Rajan Udwani

Online matching and its variants are some of the most fundamental problems in the online algorithms literature. In this paper, we study the online weighted bipartite matching problem. Karp et al. (STOC 1990) gave an elegant algorithm in the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-11-22 Matthew Fahrbach , Morteza Zadimoghaddam

We study the problem of online unweighted bipartite matching with $n$ offline vertices and $n$ online vertices where one wishes to be competitive against the optimal offline algorithm. While the classic RANKING algorithm of Karp et al.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Davin Choo , Themis Gouleakis , Chun Kai Ling , Arnab Bhattacharyya

We revisit the online bipartite matching problem on $d$-regular graphs, for which Cohen and Wajc (SODA 2018) proposed an algorithm with a competitive ratio of $1-2\sqrt{H_d/d} = 1-O(\sqrt{(\log d)/d})$ and showed that it is asymptotically…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Yilong Feng , Haolong Li , Xiaowei Wu , Shengwei Zhou

We revisit the fully online matching model (Huang et al., J.\ ACM, 2020), an extension of the classic online matching model due to Karp, Vazirani, and Vazirani (STOC 1990), which has recently received a lot of attention (Huang et al., SODA…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-09-07 Alexander Eckl , Anja Kirschbaum , Marilena Leichter , Kevin Schewior

Online bipartite matching has been extensively studied. In the unweighted setting, Karp et al. gave an optimal $(1 - 1/e)$-competitive randomized algorithm. In the weighted setting, optimal algorithms have been achieved only under…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-11-03 Nguyen Kim Thang

In this paper, we consider the online vertex-weighted bipartite matching problem in the random arrival model. We consider the generalization of the RANKING algorithm for this problem introduced by Huang, Tang, Wu, and Zhang (TALG 2019), who…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-11-09 Billy Jin , David P. Williamson

In their seminal paper, Karp, Vazirani and Vazirani (STOC'90) introduce the online bipartite matching problem, and the RANKING algorithm, which admits a tight $1-\frac{1}{e}$ competitive ratio. Since its publication, the problem has…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Alon Eden , Michal Feldman , Amos Fiat , Kineret Segal

We revisit the celebrated Ranking algorithm by Karp, Vazirani, and Vazirani (STOC 1990) for online bipartite matching under the random arrival model, that is shown to be $0.696$-competitive for unweighted graphs by Mahdian and Yan (STOC…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Bo Peng , Zhihao Gavin Tang

We consider the online bipartite matching problem on $(k,d)$-bounded graphs, where each online vertex has at most $d$ neighbors, each offline vertex has at least $k$ neighbors, and $k\geq d\geq 2$. The model of $(k,d)$-bounded graphs is…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Yilong Feng , Xiaowei Wu , Shengwei Zhou

In this paper, we explicitly study the online vertex cover problem, which is a natural generalization of the well-studied ski-rental problem. In the online vertex cover problem, we are required to maintain a monotone vertex cover in a graph…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-05-09 Yajun Wang , Sam Chiu-wai Wong

Online bipartite matching and its variants are among the most fundamental problems in the online algorithms literature. Karp, Vazirani, and Vazirani (STOC 1990) introduced an elegant algorithm for the unweighted problem that achieves an…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Matthew Fahrbach , Zhiyi Huang , Runzhou Tao , Morteza Zadimoghaddam

Online matching has received significant attention over the last 15 years due to its close connection to Internet advertising. As the seminal work of Karp, Vazirani, and Vazirani has an optimal (1 - 1/e) competitive ratio in the standard…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-07-24 Brian Brubach , Karthik Abinav Sankararaman , Aravind Srinivasan , Pan Xu

We study the classical, randomized Ranking algorithm which is known to be $(1 - \frac{1}{e})$-competitive in expectation for the Online Bipartite Matching Problem. We give a tail inequality bound, namely that Ranking is $(1 - \frac{1}{e} -…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-12-15 Milena Mihail , Thorben Tröbst
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