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We explain how event-by-event fluctuations of particle ratios can constrain and falsify the statistical model of particle production in heavy ion collisions, using $K/\pi$ fluctuations as an example. We define an observable capable of…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Giorgio Torrieri

A method based on sliding window scheme is developed to search for patches in the pseudorapidity-azimuth plane, on an event-by-event basis, having unusual fluctuation in the neutral pion fraction which may arise due to the formation of…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2009-11-11 M. M. Aggarwal , G. Sood , Y. P. Viyogi

High parton densities in ultra-relativistic nuclear collisions suggest a description of these collisions wherein the high energy nuclear wavefunctions and the initial stages of the nuclear collision are dominated by classical fields. This…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-05-28 Kevin Dusling , Francois Gelis , Raju Venugopalan

Event-by-event hydrodynamics, with fluctuating initial conditions, has shown to nicely reproduce several features of experimentally observed quantities in high-energy nuclear collisions. Here we discuss how it may help to understand, in a…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-03-17 Yogiro Hama , Rone Peterson G. Andrade , Frederique Grassi , Wei-Liang Qian

We introduce an event-by-event perturbative-QCD + saturation + hydro ("EKRT") framework for ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions, where we compute the produced fluctuating QCD-matter energy densities from next-to-leading order…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2016-02-17 H. Niemi , K. J. Eskola , R. Paatelainen

Event classification by centrality is one of the key tasks of the MPD (Multi-Purpose Detector) experiment at the NICA collider. Centrality characterizes the initial geometry of heavy-ion collisions through the correlation of measured…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2026-05-26 D. Idrisov , F. Guber , N. Karpushkin , P. Parfenov

The several types of strongly intensive correlation variables are studied in nuclear collisions at LHC energy. These quantities are expected not to depend on centrality class width. They have been calculated in the dipole-based…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2019-04-05 Vladimir Kovalenko

In this talk we review some of our results for the longitudinal correlations in connection with recent experimental data, in particular for the {\em torque} effect and for the two-particle correlations in pseudorapidity, $C(\eta_1,\eta_2)$.…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2017-04-26 Wojciech Broniowski , Piotr Bozek

A method to study event--by--event fluctuations of the `chemical' (particle type) composition of the final state of high energy collisions is proposed.}

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2011-09-13 Marek Gazdzicki

The QCD critical point can be found in heavy ion collision experiments via the non-monotonic behavior of many fluctuation observables as a function of the collision energy. The event-by-event fluctuations of various particle multiplicities…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2014-11-21 Christiana Athanasiou , Krishna Rajagopal , Misha Stephanov

We overview the current status and recent developments on initial conditions in ultra-relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions. Specifically, we look at the progress in understanding the role of sub-nucleonic fluctuations in large and small…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2019-02-20 Aleksas Mazeliauskas

We argue that the traditional event-plane method, which is still widely used to analyze anisotropic flow in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions, should be abandoned because flow fluctuations introduce an uncontrolled bias in the…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2013-05-01 Matthew Luzum , Jean-Yves Ollitrault

We performed systematic studies on the effects of event-by-event efficiency fluctuations on efficiency correction for cumulant analysis in relativistic heavy-ion collision experiments. Experimentally, particle efficiencies of events…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2018-09-11 Shu He , Xiaofeng Luo

Nuclear collisions at intermediate, relativistic, and ultra-relativistic energies offer unique opportunities to study in detail manifold fragmentation and clustering phenomena in dense nuclear matter. At intermediate energies, the well…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Stefan Scherer , Horst Stocker

Event-scale analysis techniques using correlation and fluctuation measures are applied to heavy-ion collision data with the goal of discovering, characterizing, and understanding deconfined quark matter. In service of these goals…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2007-05-23 J. G. Reid

Motivated by forthcoming experiments at RHIC and LHC, and results from SPS, a review is given of the present state of event-by-event fluctuations in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions. Fluctuations in particle multiplicities, ratios,…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 H. Heiselberg

Although relativistic heavy-ion collisions have emerged as a powerful probe for studying nuclear structure, the potential influence of nucleon-nucleon short-range correlations (NN-SRCs) on the initial state has remained an open question. By…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2025-12-01 Pei Li , Kai-Jia Sun , Bo Zhou , Guo-Liang Ma

The QCD critical point can be found in heavy ion collision experiments via the non-monotonic behavior of many fluctuation observables as a function of the collision energy. The event-by-event fluctuations of various particle multiplicities…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2011-03-23 Christiana Athanasiou , Krishna Rajagopal , Misha Stephanov

Recently studies of the differential nature of the flow angle fluctuations, known as event plane angular decorrelation, indicated that measurements that assume a common symmetry plane may need to consider the flow angle fluctuations effect.…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2022-10-26 Niseem Magdy

We develop an innovative and unbiased procedure, based on event mixing, to account for unavoidable contributions from volume (or system size) fluctuations to experimentally measured moments of particle multiplicity distributions produced in…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2023-05-17 Anar Rustamov , Joachim Stroth , Romain Holzmann