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Normal networks are an important class of phylogenetic networks that have compelling mathematical properties which align with intuition about inference from genetic data. While tools enabling widespread use of phylogenetic networks in the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-16 Andrew Francis , Charles Semple

A phylogenetic network is a graph-theoretical tool that is used by biologists to represent the evolutionary history of a collection of species. One potential way of constructing such networks is via a distance-based approach, where one is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-06-15 Leo van Iersel , Vincent Moulton , Yukihiro Murakami

While every rooted binary phylogenetic tree is determined by its set of displayed rooted triples, such a result does not hold for an arbitrary rooted binary phylogenetic network. In particular, there exist two non-isomorphic rooted binary…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-04-13 Simone Linz , Charles Semple

Phylogenetic networks are a generalization of phylogenetic trees that allow for representation of reticulate evolution. Recently, a space of unrooted phylogenetic networks was introduced, where such a network is a connected graph in which…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2017-03-09 Andrew Francis , Katharina Huber , Vincent Moulton , Taoyang Wu

In phylogenetics, evolution is traditionally represented in a tree-like manner. However, phylogenetic networks can be more appropriate for representing evolutionary events such as hybridization, horizontal gene transfer, and others. In…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Manuel Lafond , Vincent Moulton

Phylogenetic networks are a generalization of phylogenetic trees to leaf-labeled directed acyclic graphs that represent ancestral relationships between species whose past includes non-tree-like events such as hybridization and horizontal…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-04-13 Janosch Döcker , Simone Linz , Charles Semple

Phylogenetic trees and networks are leaf-labelled graphs used to model evolution. Display graphs are created by identifying common leaf labels in two or more phylogenetic trees or networks. The treewidth of such graphs is bounded as a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-09-05 Remie Janssen , Mark Jones , Steven Kelk , Georgios Stamoulis , Taoyang Wu

In evolutionary studies it is common to use phylogenetic trees to represent the evolutionary history of a set of species. However, in case the transfer of genes or other genetic information between the species or their ancestors has…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-02-15 Katharina T. Huber , Vincent Moulton , Guillaume E. Scholz

Ranked tree-child networks are a recently introduced class of rooted phylogenetic networks in which the evolutionary events represented by the network are ordered so as to respect the flow of time. This class includes the well-studied…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2024-10-15 Vincent Moulton , Andreas Spillner

Phylogenetic network is an evolutionary model that uses a rooted directed acyclic graph (instead of a tree) to model an evolutionary history of species in which reticulate events (e.g., hybrid speciation or horizontal gene transfer)…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2023-12-01 Yufeng Wu , Louxin Zhang

Evolutionary histories for species that cross with one another or exchange genetic material can be represented by leaf-labelled, directed graphs called phylogenetic networks. A major challenge in the burgeoning area of phylogenetic networks…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-09-24 Leo van Iersel , Sjors Kole , Vincent Moulton , Leonie Nipius

Phylogenetic networks extend phylogenetic trees to allow for modeling reticulate evolutionary processes such as hybridization. They take the shape of a rooted, directed, acyclic graph, and when parameterized with evolutionary parameters,…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2018-08-28 R. A. L. Elworth , H. A. Ogilvie , J. Zhu , L. Nakhleh

Phylogenetic networks are a generalization of phylogenetic trees that allow for the representation of non-treelike evolutionary events, like recombination, hybridization, or lateral gene transfer. In a recent series of papers devoted to the…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2007-07-17 Gabriel Cardona , Francesc Rossello , Gabriel Valiente

The hybridization number problem requires us to embed a set of binary rooted phylogenetic trees into a binary rooted phylogenetic network such that the number of nodes with indegree two is minimized. However, from a biological point of view…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-09-05 Leo van Iersel , Steven Kelk , Georgios Stamoulis , Leen Stougie , Olivier Boes

Attempting to recognize a tree inside a phylogenetic network is a fundamental undertaking in evolutionary analysis. In the last few years, therefore, tree-based phylogenetic networks, which are defined by a spanning tree called a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-09-29 Momoko Hayamizu

Phylogenetic networks model reticulate evolutionary histories. The last two decades have seen an increased interest in establishing mathematical results and developing computational methods for inferring and analyzing these networks. A…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2016-06-24 Jiafan Zhu , Yun Yu , Luay Nakhleh

Phylogenetic networks extend phylogenetic trees to model non-vertical inheritance, by which a lineage inherits material from multiple parents. The computational complexity of estimating phylogenetic networks from genome-wide data with…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2022-06-28 Jingcheng Xu , Cécile Ané

Phylogenetic networks are leaf-labelled directed acyclic graphs that are used to describe non-treelike evolutionary histories and are thus a generalization of phylogenetic trees. The hybridization number of a phylogenetic network is the sum…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-06-01 Leo van Iersel , Steven Kelk , Nela Lekić , Chris Whidden , Norbert Zeh

A binary phylogenetic network may or may not be obtainable from a tree by the addition of directed edges (arcs) between tree arcs. Here, we establish a precise and easily tested criterion (based on `2-SAT') that efficiently determines…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2015-05-25 Andrew R. Francis , Mike Steel

Phylogenetic networks are rooted, labelled directed acyclic graphs which are commonly used to represent reticulate evolution. There is a close relationship between phylogenetic networks and multi-labelled trees (MUL-trees). Indeed, any…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2015-06-16 Katharina T. Huber , Vincent Moulton , Mike Steel , Taoyang Wu