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We derive the predicted time dilation of delocalized atomic clocks in an optical lattice setup in the presence of a gravitational field to leading order in quantum relativistic corrections. We investigate exotic quantum states of motion…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-29 Yanglin Hu , Maximilian P. E. Lock , Mischa P. Woods

Scalar-tensor gravity represents a natural extension of general relativity. This paper investigates a conformal scalar-tensor gravity, the environmentally dependent dilaton model, and identifies regions of its parameter space potentially…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-04-15 Li Hu , Rong-Gen Cai , Song He , Li-Fang Li , Tong Liu , Peng Xu , Shao-Jiang Wang

Atomic interference experiments test the universality of the coupling between matter-energy and gravity at different spacetime points, thus being in principle able to probe possible violations of the universality of the gravitational…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-01-03 Fabio Di Pumpo

A proper time observable for a quantum clock is introduced and it is found that the proper time read by one clock conditioned on another clock reading a different proper time obeys classical time dilation in accordance with special…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-01-04 Takeshi Chiba , Shunichiro Kinoshita

We study the dynamical evolution of two quantum clocks interacting with a relativistic gravitational potential. We find a time dilation effect for the clocks in agreement with the gravitational time dilation as obtained from the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-05-02 Tommaso Favalli , Augusto Smerzi

In general relativity, the picture of spacetime assigns an ideal clock to each worldline. Being ideal, gravitational effects due to these clocks are ignored and the flow of time according to one clock is not affected by the presence of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-05-09 Esteban Castro-Ruiz , Flaminia Giacomini , Časlav Brukner

A novel quantum time dilation effect is shown to arise when a clock moves in a quantum superposition of two relativistic velocities. This effect is argued to be measurable using existing atomic interferometry techniques, potentially…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-28 Alexander R. H. Smith

Understanding physical phenomena at the intersection of quantum mechanics and general relativity remains a major challenge in modern physics. While various experimental approaches have been proposed to probe quantum systems in curved…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-27 Eyuri Wakakuwa

Atomic clock interferometers are a valuable tool to test the interface between quantum theory and gravity, in particular via the measurement of gravitational time dilation in the quantum regime. Here, we investigate whether gravitational…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-15 Carlo Cepollaro , Flaminia Giacomini , Matteo G. A. Paris

It has recently been reported [\textit{PNAS} \textbf{114}, 2303 (2017)] that, under an operational definition of time, quantum clocks would get entangled through gravitational effects. Here we study an alternative scenario: the clocks have…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-11-14 Jieci Wang , Tonghua Liu , Jiliang Jing , Songbai Chen

Current attempts to probe general relativistic effects in quantum mechanics focus on precision measurements of phase shifts in matter-wave interferometry. Yet, phase shifts can always be explained as arising due to an Aharonov-Bohm effect,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-11-09 Magdalena Zych , Fabio Costa , Igor Pikovski , Caslav Brukner

We review matter wave and clock comparison tests of the gravitational redshift. To elucidate their relationship to tests of the universality of free fall (UFF), we define scenarios wherein redshift violations are coupled to violations of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-02-02 Michael A. Hohensee , Brian Estey , Francisco Monsalve , Geena Kim , Pei-Chen Kuan , Shau-Yu Lan , Nan Yu , Achim Peters , Steven Chu , Holger Mueller

Using the relativistic concept of time dilation we show that a superposition of gravitational potentials can lead to nonunitary time evolution. For sufficiently weak gravitational potentials one can still define, for all intents and…

Clocks play a special role at the interface of general relativity and quantum mechanics. We analyze a clock-interferometry thought experiment and go on to theoretically derive and experimentally test a complementarity relation for quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-08-01 Zhifan Zhou , Yair Margalit , Daniel Rohrlich , Yonathan Japha , Ron Folman

Atom interferometers allow the measurement of the acceleration of freely falling atoms with respect to an experimental platform at rest on Earth's surface. Such experiments have been used to test the universality of free fall by comparing…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-03-17 Peter Wolf , Luc Blanchet , Christian J. Bordé , Serge Reynaud , Christophe Salomon , Claude Cohen-Tannoudji

Quantum mechanics and general relativity have been each successfully tested in numerous experiments. However, the regime where both theories are jointly required to explain physical phenomena remains untested by laboratory experiments, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-07-15 Magdalena Zych , Igor Pikovski , Fabio Costa , Časlav Brukner

Deployment of quantum technology in space provides opportunities for new types of precision tests of gravity. On the other hand, the operational demands of such technology can make previously unimportant effects practically relevant. We…

Metric descriptions of gravitation, among them general relativity as today's established theory, are founded on assumptions summarized by the Einstein equivalence principle (EEP). Its violation would hint at unknown physics and could be a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-30 Fabio Di Pumpo , Alexander Friedrich , Christian Ufrecht , Enno Giese

In quantum metrology and quantum simulation, a coherent non-classical state must be manipulated before unwanted interactions with the environment lead to decoherence. In atom interferometry, the non-classical state is a spatial…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2024-08-19 Cristian D. Panda , Matthew Tao , James Egelhoff , Miguel Ceja , Victoria Xu , Holger Müller

We present a general relativistic model of a spherical shell of matter with a perfect fluid on its surface coupled to an internal oscillator, which generalizes a model recently introduced by the authors to construct a self-gravitating…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-10-16 Cisco Gooding , William G. Unruh