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In this paper, we improve upon a method for optimal control of quadrupedal robots which utilizes a full-order model of the system. The original method utilizes offline nonlinear optimal control to synthesize a control scheme which…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-08 Mads Erlend Bøe Lysø , Esten Ingar Grøtli , Kristin Ytterstad Pettersen

An intuitive control method for the flying trot, which combines offline trajectory planning with real-time balance control, is presented. The motion features of running animals in the vertical direction were analysed using the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Hongge Wang , Hui Chai , Bin Chen , Aizhen Xie , Rui Song , Bo Su

Traditional approaches to quadruped control frequently employ simplified, hand-derived models. This significantly reduces the capability of the robot since its effective kinematic range is curtailed. In addition, kinodynamic constraints are…

This paper presents a novel approach that combines the advantages of both model-based and learning-based frameworks to achieve robust locomotion. The residual modules are integrated with each corresponding part of the model-based framework,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Min-Gyu Kim , Dongyun Kang , Hajun Kim , Hae-Won Park

This paper presents a framework that leverages both control theory and machine learning to obtain stable and robust bipedal locomotion without the need for manual parameter tuning. Traditionally, gaits are generated through trajectory…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-03-31 Maegan Tucker , Noel Csomay-Shanklin , Wen-Loong Ma , Aaron D. Ames

This paper presents a generalized flexible Hybrid Cable-Driven Robot (HCDR). For the proposed HCDR, the derivation of the equations of motion and proof provide a very effective way to find items for generalized system modeling. The proposed…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Ronghuai Qi , Amir Khajepour , William W. Melek

The ability to realize nonlinear controllers with formal guarantees on dynamic robotic systems has the potential to enable more complex robotic behaviors -- yet, realizing these controllers is often practically challenging. To address this…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-07-12 Jenna Reher , Aaron D. Ames

A common approach to the generation of walking patterns for humanoid robots consists in adopting a layered control architecture. This paper proposes an architecture composed of three nested control loops. The outer loop exploits a robot…

A Hybrid passive Linear Inverted Pendulum (HLIP) model is proposed for characterizing, stabilizing and composing periodic orbits for 3D underactuated bipedal walking. Specifically, Period-1 (P1) and Period-2 (P2) orbits are geometrically…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-10-03 Xiaobin Xiong , Aaron Ames

Stabilizing legged robot locomotion on a dynamic rigid surface (DRS) (i.e., rigid surface that moves in the inertial frame) is a complex planning and control problem. The complexity arises due to the hybrid nonlinear walking dynamics…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Amir Iqbal , Yan Gu

In this paper we study the problem of designing periodic orbits for a special class of hybrid systems, namely mechanical systems with underactuated continuous dynamics and impulse events. We approach the problem by means of optimal control.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-02-16 Sara Spedicato , Giuseppe Notarstefano

Realizing bipedal locomotion on humanoid robots with point feet is especially challenging due to their highly underactuated nature, high degrees of freedom, and hybrid dynamics resulting from impacts. With the goal of addressing this…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Adrian B. Ghansah , Jeeseop Kim , Kejun Li , Aaron D. Ames

Envisioned applications for humanoid robots call for the design of balancing and walking controllers. While promising results have been recently achieved, robust and reliable controllers are still a challenge for the control community…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-07-18 Gabriele Nava , Francesco Romano , Francesco Nori , Daniele Pucci

Quadrupedal robots exhibit a wide range of viable gaits, but generating specific footfall sequences often requires laborious expert tuning of numerous variables, such as touch-down and lift-off events and holonomic constraints for each leg.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Jiayu Ding , Xulin Chen , Garrett E. Katz , Zhenyu Gan

Quadrupedal robots exhibit a wide range of viable gaits, but generating specific footfall sequences often requires laborious expert tuning of numerous variables, such as touch-down and lift-off events and holonomic constraints for each leg.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-17 Jiayu Ding , Xulin Chen , Garret E. Katz , Zhenyu Gan

Poincare return maps are a fundamental tool for analyzing periodic orbits in hybrid dynamical systems, including legged locomotion, power electronics, and other cyber-physical systems with switching behavior. The Poincare return map…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-08 Varun Madabushi , Elizabeth Dietrich , Hanna Krasowski , Maegan Tucker

In this paper, a hierarchical and robust framework for learning bipedal locomotion is presented and successfully implemented on the 3D biped robot Digit built by Agility Robotics. We propose a cascade-structure controller that combines the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-03-30 Guillermo A. Castillo , Bowen Weng , Wei Zhang , Ayonga Hereid

Step adjustment can improve the gait robustness of biped robots, however the adaptation of step timing is often neglected as it gives rise to non-convex problems when optimized over several footsteps. In this paper, we argue that it is not…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-03-19 Majid Khadiv , Alexander Herzog , S. Ali A. Moosavian , Ludovic Righetti

Unlike their biological cousins, the majority of existing quadrupedal robots are constructed with rigid chassis. This results in motion that is either beetle-like or distinctly robotic, lacking the natural fluidity characteristic of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Nicholas Hafner , Chaoran Liu , Carlos Ishi , Hiroshi Ishiguro

We present a new walking foot-placement controller based on 3LP, a 3D model of bipedal walking that is composed of three pendulums to simulate falling, swing and torso dynamics. Taking advantage of linear equations and closed-form solutions…

Robotics · Computer Science 2018-11-12 Salman Faraji , Philippe Muellhaupt , Auke J. Ijspeert