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This chapter presents recent solutions to the optimal power flow (OPF) problem in the presence of renewable energy sources (RES), {such} as solar photo-voltaic and wind generation. After introducing the original formulation of the problem,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-05-27 Mohammadreza Chamanbaz , Fabrizio Dabbene , Constantino Lagoa

The solution to an optimal power flow (OPF) problem provides a minimum cost operating point for an electric power system. The performance of OPF solution techniques strongly depends on the problem's feasible space. This paper presents an…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-08-03 Daniel K. Molzahn

Optimal power flow (OPF) over power transmission networks poses challenging large-scale nonlinear optimization problems, which involve a large number of quadratic equality and indefinite quadratic inequality constraints. These…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-02-14 Y. Shi , H. D. Tuan , P. Apkarian , A. V. Savkin

In this paper, we develop an online method that leverages machine learning to obtain feasible solutions to the AC optimal power flow (OPF) problem with negligible optimality gaps on extremely fast timescales (e.g., milliseconds), bypassing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-04 Ahmed Zamzam , Kyri Baker

Optimal power flow (OPF) is one of the most important optimization problems in the energy industry. In its simplest form, OPF attempts to find the optimal power that the generators within the grid have to produce to satisfy a given demand.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-10-23 Damian Owerko , Fernando Gama , Alejandro Ribeiro

This letter focuses on the multiplicity of power flow (PF) equations and presents two continuous solutions for widely studied IEEE-14 bus system. The continuous solutions are located by a method combining the semidefinite program (SDP)…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-10-30 Bin Liu , Feng Liu , Bingxu Zhai , Haibo Lan

The Optimal Power Flow (OPF) problem is pivotal for power system operations, guiding generator output and power distribution to meet demand at minimized costs, while adhering to physical and engineering constraints. The integration of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Chen Li , Alexander Kies , Kai Zhou , Markus Schlott , Omar El Sayed , Mariia Bilousova , Horst Stoecker

The Optimal Power Flow (OPF) problem is a fundamental building block for the optimization of electrical power systems. It is nonlinear and nonconvex and computes the generator setpoints for power and voltage, given a set of load demands. It…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-12-04 Ferdinando Fioretto , Terrence W. K. Mak , Pascal Van Hentenryck

Optimal Power Flow (OPF) is a core optimization problem in power system operation and planning, aiming to minimize generation costs while satisfying physical constraints such as power flow equations, generator limits, and voltage limits.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Xuezhi Liu

The solution space of any set of power flow equations may contain different number of real-valued solutions. The boundaries that separate these regions are referred to as power flow solution space boundaries. Knowledge of these boundaries…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-04-18 Souvik Chandra , Dhagash Mehta , Aranya Chakrabortty

This paper develops a fixed-point iteration to solve the steady-state water flow equations in an urban water distribution network. The fixed-point iteration is derived upon the assumption of turbulent flow solutions and the validity of the…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-07-05 Mohammadhafez Bazrafshan , Nikolaos Gatsis , Marcio Giacomoni , Ahmad Taha

The primary goal of Optimal Power Flow (OPF) is to optimize the operation of a power system while meeting the demand and adhering to operational constraints. This paper presents a new approach for AC OPF. First, the approach constructs a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-12-16 Mohammed N. Khamees , Kai Sun

Solving the non-convex optimal power flow (OPF) problem for large-scale power distribution systems is computationally expensive. An alternative is to solve the relaxed convex problem or linear approximated problem, but these methods lead to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-09 Rabayet Sadnan , Anamika Dubey

Linear optimal power flow (LOPF) algorithms use a linearization of the alternating current (AC) load flow equations to optimize generator dispatch in a network subject to the loading constraints of the network branches. Common algorithms…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2018-02-01 Jonas Hörsch , Henrik Ronellenfitsch , Dirk Witthaut , Tom Brown

Solving power flow (PF) equations is the basis of power flow analysis, which is important in determining the best operation of existing systems, performing security analysis, etc. However, PF equations can be out-of-date or even unavailable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-07 Xinyue Hu , Haoji Hu , Saurabh Verma , Zhi-Li Zhang

Power flow (PF) calculations are fundamental to power system analysis to ensure stable and reliable grid operation. The Newton-Raphson (NR) method is commonly used for PF analysis due to its rapid convergence when initialized properly.…

This paper focuses on the AC Optimal Power Flow (OPF) problem for multi-phase systems. Particular emphasis is given to systems with high integration of renewables, where adjustments of the real and reactive output powers from renewable…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-12-22 Ahmed S. Zamzam , Nicholas D. Sidiropoulos , Emiliano Dall'Anese

By providing the optimal operating point that satisfies both the power flow equations and engineering limits, the optimal power flow (OPF) problem is central to power systems operations. While extensive research has focused on computing…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-25 Mohammad Rasoul Narimani , Katherine R. Davis , Daniel K. Molzahn

This paper proposes a convex optimization based method that either locates all real roots of a set of power flow equations or declares no real solution exists in the given area. In the proposed method, solving the power flow equations is…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-03-06 Bin Liu , Wei Wei , Feng Liu

In this paper, we discuss our approach and algorithmic framework for solving large-scale security constrained optimal power flow (SCOPF) problems. SCOPF is a mixed integer non-convex optimization problem that aims to obtain the minimum…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-06-02 Mohammadhafez Bazrafshan , Kyri Baker , Javad Mohammadi