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This paper presents a novel algorithm for constructing a sum-of-squares (SOS) decomposition for positive semi-definite polynomials with rational coefficients. Unlike previous methods that typically yield SOS decompositions with…

Symbolic Computation · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Zhenbing Zeng , Yong Huang , Lu Yang , Yongsheng Rao

We present an example of a strictly positive polynomial with rational coefficients that can be decomposed as a sum of squares of polynomials over $\R$ but not over $\Q$. This answers an open question by C. Scheiderer posed as the second…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2023-12-29 Santiago Laplagne

We consider the problem of finding exact sums of squares (SOS) decompositions for certain classes of non-negative multivariate polynomials, relying on semidefinite programming (SDP) solvers. We start by providing a hybrid numeric-symbolic…

Symbolic Computation · Computer Science 2018-03-01 Victor Magron , Mohab Safey El Din

Certifying nonnegativity of polynomials is a well-known NP-hard problem with direct applications spanning non-convex optimization, control, robotics, and beyond. A sufficient condition for nonnegativity is the Sum of Squares (SOS) property,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Nico Pelleriti , Christoph Spiegel , Shiwei Liu , David Martínez-Rubio , Max Zimmer , Sebastian Pokutta

We consider the problem of computing exact sums of squares (SOS) decompositions for certain classes of non-negative multivariate polynomials, relying on semidefinite programming (SDP) solvers. We provide a hybrid numeric-symbolic algorithm…

Symbolic Computation · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Victor Magron , Mohab Safey El Din

A polynomial that is a sum of squares (SOS) of other polynomials is evidently positive. The converse is not true, there are positive polynomials which are not SOS. This note focuses on the problem of certifying, in exact arithmetic, that a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-09-03 Didier Henrion

A sum-of-squares is a polynomial that can be expressed as a sum of squares of other polynomials. Determining if a sum-of-squares decomposition exists for a given polynomial is equivalent to a linear matrix inequality feasibility problem.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2013-03-07 Peter Seiler , Qian Zheng , Gary Balas

We study the boundary of the cone of real polynomials that can be decomposed as a sum of squares (SOS) of real polynomials. This cone is included in the cone of nonnegative polynomials and both cones share a part of their boundary, which…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2023-06-14 Santiago Laplagne , Marcelo Valdettaro

A widely used method for solving SOS (Sum Of Squares) decomposition problem is to reduce it to the problem of semi-definite programs (SDPs) which can be efficiently solved in theory. In practice, although many SDP solvers can work out some…

Symbolic Computation · Computer Science 2018-01-31 Haokun Li , Bican Xia

A popular numerical method to compute SOS (sum of squares of polynomials) decompositions for polynomials is to transform the problem into semi-definite programming (SDP) problems and then solve them by SDP solvers. In this paper, we focus…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-01-05 Liyun Dai , Bican Xia

To prove that a polynomial is nonnegative on R^n one can try to show that it is a sum of squares of polynomials (SOS). The latter problem is now known to be reducible to a semidefinite programming (SDP) computation much faster than…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2010-10-27 J. Maurice Rojas , Swaminathan Sethuraman

Assessing non-negativity of multivariate polynomials over the reals, through the computation of {\em certificates of non-negativity}, is a topical issue in polynomial optimization. This is usually tackled through the computation of {\em…

Symbolic Computation · Computer Science 2021-07-27 Victor Magron , Mohab Safey El Din , Trung-Hieu Vu

We study the problem of representing multivariate polynomials with rational coefficients, which are nonnegative and strictly positive on finite semialgebraic sets, using rational sums of squares. We focus on the case of finite semialgebraic…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2025-12-16 Lorenzo Baldi , Teresa Krick , Bernard Mourrain

We provide explicit conditions for a real polynomial $f$ of degree 2d to be a sum of squares (s.o.s.), stated only in terms of the coefficients of $f$, i.e. with no lifting. All conditions are simple and provide an explicit description of a…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Jean B. Lasserre

We study SOS properties of biquadratic forms. For the class of partially symmetric biquadratic forms, we establish necessary and sufficient conditions for positive semi-definiteness and prove that every PSD partially symmetric biquadratic…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-01-21 Liqun Qi , Chunfeng Cui , Yi Xu

It is well-known that every non-negative univariate real polynomial can be written as the sum of two polynomial squares with real coefficients. When one allows a weighted sum of finitely many squares instead of a sum of two squares, then…

Symbolic Computation · Computer Science 2017-06-14 Victor Magron , Mohab Safey El Din , Markus Schweighofer

Sum of squares (SOS) optimization is a powerful technique for solving problems where the positivity of a polynomials must be enforced. The common approach to solve an SOS problem is by relaxation to a Semidefinite Program (SDP). The main…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-10-29 Daniel Keren , Margarita Osadchy , Roi Poranne

In this article, we are interested in developing polynomial decomposition techniques based on sums-of-squares (SOS), namely the difference-of-sums-of-squares (D-SOS) and the difference-of-convex-sums-of-squares (DC-SOS). In particular, the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-02-21 Yi-Shuai Niu , Hoai An Le Thi , Dinh Tao Pham

This paper introduces a notion of decomposition and completion of sum-of-squares (SOS) matrices. We show that a subset of sparse SOS matrices with chordal sparsity patterns can be equivalently decomposed into a sum of multiple SOS matrices…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-01-13 Yang Zheng , Giovanni Fantuzzi , Antonis Papachristodoulou

We study the problem of how many different sums of squares decompositions a general polynomial $f$ with SOS-rank $k$ admits. We show that there is a link between the variety $\mathrm{SOS}_k(f)$ of all SOS-decompositions of $f$ and the…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2024-02-26 Andrew Ferguson , Giorgio Ottaviani , Mohab Safey El Din , Ettore Teixeira Turatti
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