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Corrupting the input and hidden layers of deep neural networks (DNNs) with multiplicative noise, often drawn from the Bernoulli distribution (or 'dropout'), provides regularization that has significantly contributed to deep learning's…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-06-11 Eric Nalisnick , Anima Anandkumar , Padhraic Smyth

Dropout is a simple yet effective algorithm for regularizing neural networks by randomly dropping out units through Bernoulli multiplicative noise, and for some restricted problem classes, such as linear or logistic regression, several…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-10-12 Jacopo Cavazza , Connor Lane , Benjamin D. Haeffele , Vittorio Murino , René Vidal

Dropout is a regularisation technique in neural network training where unit activations are randomly set to zero with a given probability \emph{independently}. In this work, we propose a generalisation of dropout and other multiplicative…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-09-24 Beyrem Khalfaoui , Joseph Boyd , Jean-Philippe Vert

Dropout-based regularization methods can be regarded as injecting random noise with pre-defined magnitude to different parts of the neural network during training. It was recently shown that Bayesian dropout procedure not only improves…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-11-07 Kirill Neklyudov , Dmitry Molchanov , Arsenii Ashukha , Dmitry Vetrov

Dropout is a regularization technique widely used in training artificial neural networks to mitigate overfitting. It consists of dynamically deactivating subsets of the network during training to promote more robust representations. Despite…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-09-10 Francesco Mori , Francesca Mignacco

Gaussian multiplicative noise is commonly used as a stochastic regularisation technique in training of deterministic neural networks. A recent paper reinterpreted the technique as a specific algorithm for approximate inference in Bayesian…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-11-09 Jiri Hron , Alexander G. de G. Matthews , Zoubin Ghahramani

Dropout as regularization has been used extensively to prevent overfitting for training neural networks. During training, units and their connections are randomly dropped, which could be considered as sampling many different submodels from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-28 Zhaoyuan Yang , Arpit Jain

The cross-entropy loss commonly used in deep learning is closely related to the defining properties of optimal representations, but does not enforce some of the key properties. We show that this can be solved by adding a regularization…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-02-14 Alessandro Achille , Stefano Soatto

Marginalising out uncertain quantities within the internal representations or parameters of neural networks is of central importance for a wide range of learning techniques, such as empirical, variational or full Bayesian methods. We set…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-07-21 Justin Bayer , Maximilian Karl , Daniela Korhammer , Patrick van der Smagt

We show that a neural network with arbitrary depth and non-linearities, with dropout applied before every weight layer, is mathematically equivalent to an approximation to a well known Bayesian model. This interpretation might offer an…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-05-26 Yarin Gal , Zoubin Ghahramani

Deep neural networks possess strong representational capacity yet remain vulnerable to overfitting, primarily because neurons tend to co-adapt in ways that, while capturing complex and fine-grained feature interactions, also reinforce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Gelesh G Omathil , Sreeja CS

Dropout is a very effective way of regularizing neural networks. Stochastically "dropping out" units with a certain probability discourages over-specific co-adaptations of feature detectors, preventing overfitting and improving network…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2017-08-04 Pietro Morerio , Jacopo Cavazza , Riccardo Volpi , Rene Vidal , Vittorio Murino

Dropout, a simple and effective way to train deep neural networks, has led to a number of impressive empirical successes and spawned many recent theoretical investigations. However, the gap between dropout's training and inference phases,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-02-17 Xuezhe Ma , Yingkai Gao , Zhiting Hu , Yaoliang Yu , Yuntian Deng , Eduard Hovy

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) are rich models for the processing of sequential data. Recent work on advancing the state of the art has been focused on the optimization or modelling of RNNs, mostly motivated by adressing the problems of…

Algorithmic approaches endow deep learning systems with implicit bias that helps them generalize even in over-parametrized settings. In this paper, we focus on understanding such a bias induced in learning through dropout, a popular…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-27 Poorya Mianjy , Raman Arora , Rene Vidal

Neural networks are easier to optimise when they have many more weights than are required for modelling the mapping from inputs to outputs. This suggests a two-stage learning procedure that first learns a large net and then prunes away…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-10 Aidan N. Gomez , Ivan Zhang , Siddhartha Rao Kamalakara , Divyam Madaan , Kevin Swersky , Yarin Gal , Geoffrey E. Hinton

Deep neural networks (DNNs) often require good regularizers to generalize well. Currently, state-of-the-art DNN regularization techniques consist in randomly dropping units and/or connections on each iteration of the training algorithm.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-03-06 Harris Partaourides , Sotirios P. Chatzis

Deep neural networks have become the default choice for many of the machine learning tasks such as classification and regression. Dropout, a method commonly used to improve the convergence of deep neural networks, generates an ensemble of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-04-11 Tal Kachman , Michal Moshkovitz , Michal Rosen-Zvi

Dropout, a stochastic regularisation technique for training of neural networks, has recently been reinterpreted as a specific type of approximate inference algorithm for Bayesian neural networks. The main contribution of the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-07-06 Jiri Hron , Alexander G. de G. Matthews , Zoubin Ghahramani

Large neural networks are often overparameterised and prone to overfitting, Dropout is a widely used regularization technique to combat overfitting and improve model generalization. However, unstructured Dropout is not always effective for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-07 Yiren Zhao , Oluwatomisin Dada , Xitong Gao , Robert D Mullins
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