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The use of complex machine learning models can make systems opaque to users. Machine learning research proposes the use of post-hoc explanations. However, it is unclear if they give users insights into otherwise uninterpretable models. One…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-05-09 Martin Schuessler , Philipp Weiß

In recent years, deep learning has become prevalent to solve applications from multiple domains. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) particularly have demonstrated state of the art performance for the task of image classification. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-01 Meghna P Ayyar , Jenny Benois-Pineau , Akka Zemmari

Machine learning solutions for pattern classification problems are nowadays widely deployed in society and industry. However, the lack of transparency and accountability of most accurate models often hinders their safe use. Thus, there is a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-24 Gonzalo Nápoles , Yamisleydi Salgueiro , Isel Grau , Maikel Leon Espinosa

In science and medicine, model interpretations may be reported as discoveries of natural phenomena or used to guide patient treatments. In such high-stakes tasks, false discoveries may lead investigators astray. These applications would…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-08-18 Collin Burns , Jesse Thomason , Wesley Tansey

Model explainability is essential for the creation of trustworthy Machine Learning models in healthcare. An ideal explanation resembles the decision-making process of a domain expert and is expressed using concepts or terminology that is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-14 Sumedha Singla , Stephen Wallace , Sofia Triantafillou , Kayhan Batmanghelich

Interpretability has become incredibly important as machine learning is increasingly used to inform consequential decisions. We propose to construct global explanations of complex, blackbox models in the form of a decision tree…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-28 Osbert Bastani , Carolyn Kim , Hamsa Bastani

The increasing use of deep learning across various domains highlights the importance of understanding the decision-making processes of these black-box models. Recent research focusing on the decision boundaries of deep classifiers, relies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Inês Gomes , Luís F. Teixeira , Jan N. van Rijn , Carlos Soares , André Restivo , Luís Cunha , Moisés Santos

From self-driving vehicles and back-flipping robots to virtual assistants who book our next appointment at the hair salon or at that restaurant for dinner - machine learning systems are becoming increasingly ubiquitous. The main reason for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-08-16 Milo Honegger

Data-trained predictive models see widespread use, but for the most part they are used as black boxes which output a prediction or score. It is therefore hard to acquire a deeper understanding of model behavior, and in particular how…

*Minimal sufficient reasons* represent a prevalent form of explanation - the smallest subset of input features which, when held constant at their corresponding values, ensure that the prediction remains unchanged. Previous *post-hoc*…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Shahaf Bassan , Ron Eliav , Shlomit Gur

The widespread adoption of black-box models in Artificial Intelligence has enhanced the need for explanation methods to reveal how these obscure models reach specific decisions. Retrieving explanations is fundamental to unveil possible…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-02-26 Francesco Bodria , Fosca Giannotti , Riccardo Guidotti , Francesca Naretto , Dino Pedreschi , Salvatore Rinzivillo

Machine learning models have had discernible achievements in a myriad of applications. However, most of these models are black-boxes, and it is obscure how the decisions are made by them. This makes the models unreliable and untrustworthy.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-23 Raha Moraffah , Mansooreh Karami , Ruocheng Guo , Adrienne Raglin , Huan Liu

After building a classifier with modern tools of machine learning we typically have a black box at hand that is able to predict well for unseen data. Thus, we get an answer to the question what is the most likely label of a given unseen…

State of the art machine learning algorithms are highly optimized to provide the optimal prediction possible, naturally resulting in complex models. While these models often outperform simpler more interpretable models by order of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-11-24 Yotam Hechtlinger

As machine learning methods see greater adoption and implementation in high stakes applications such as medical image diagnosis, the need for model interpretability and explanation has become more critical. Classical approaches that assess…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-12 Sumedha Singla , Brian Pollack , Junxiang Chen , Kayhan Batmanghelich

Understanding the interpretation of machine learning (ML) models has been of paramount importance when making decisions with societal impacts such as transport control, financial activities, and medical diagnosis. While current model…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Jun Yuan , Gromit Yeuk-Yin Chan , Brian Barr , Kyle Overton , Kim Rees , Luis Gustavo Nonato , Enrico Bertini , Claudio T. Silva

To explain the decision of any model, we extend the notion of probabilistic Sufficient Explanations (P-SE). For each instance, this approach selects the minimal subset of features that is sufficient to yield the same prediction with high…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-10-17 Salim I. Amoukou , Nicolas J. B Brunel

While deep neural networks are extremely effective at classifying images, they remain opaque and hard to interpret. We introduce local and global explanation methods for black-box models that generate explanations in terms of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Bhavan Vasu , Giuseppe Raffa , Prasad Tadepalli

Concurrent to the rapid progress in the development of neural-network based models in areas like natural language processing and computer vision, the need for creating explanations for the predictions of these black-box models has risen…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Marc Brinner , Sina Zarriess

Conventionally, AI models are thought to trade off explainability for lower accuracy. We develop a training strategy that not only leads to a more explainable AI system for object classification, but as a consequence, suffers no perceptible…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-17 Andrea Zunino , Sarah Adel Bargal , Riccardo Volpi , Mehrnoosh Sameki , Jianming Zhang , Stan Sclaroff , Vittorio Murino , Kate Saenko