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We consider the problem of discretizing evolution operators of linear delay equations with the aim of approximating their spectra, which is useful in investigating the stability properties of (nonlinear) equations via the principle of…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-01-01 Alessia andò , Giusy Bosco , Dimitri Breda , Davide Liessi

Variational Data Assimilation (DA) has been broadly used in engineering problems for field reconstruction and prediction by performing a weighted combination of multiple sources of noisy data. In recent years, the integration of deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Sibo Cheng , Che Liu , Yike Guo , Rossella Arcucci

We consider nonlinear solvers for the incompressible, steady (or at a fixed time step for unsteady) Navier-Stokes equations in the setting where partial measurement data of the solution is available. The measurement data is…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-01-15 Bosco Garcia-Archilla , Xuejian Li , Julia Novo , Leo Rebholz

Data assimilation (DA) addresses the problem of sequentially estimating the state of a dynamical system from noisy and incomplete observations. In this work, we employ a diffusion model as a world model to simulate and predict the system's…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-26 Lifu Wei , Yinuo Ren , Naichen Shi , Yiping Lu

We propose a continuous data assimilation (CDA) method to address the uniqueness problem for steady Navier-Stokes equations(NSE). The CDA method incorporates spatial observations into the NSE, and we prove that with sufficient observations,…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2023-07-20 Xuejian Li

Fitting nonlinear dynamical models to sparse and noisy observations is fundamentally challenging. Identifying dynamics requires data assimilation (DA) to estimate system states, but DA requires an accurate dynamical model. To break this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-12 Vadim Zinchenko , David S. Greenberg

Data assimilation (DA) is a cornerstone of scientific and engineering applications, combining model forecasts with sparse and noisy observations to estimate latent system states. Classical high-dimensional DA methods, such as the ensemble…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-28 Martin Andrae , Erik Wikingsson , So Takao , Tomas Landelius , Fredrik Lindsten

We introduce a localized version of the nudging data assimilation algorithm for the periodic 2D Navier-Stokes equations in which observations are confined (i.e., localized) to a window that moves across the entire domain along a…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2023-01-05 Animikh Biswas , Zachary Bradshaw , Michael Jolly

Data assimilation (DA) aims at optimally merging observational data and model outputs to create a coherent statistical and dynamical picture of the system under investigation. Indeed, DA aims at minimizing the effect of observational and…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2022-01-05 Yumeng Chen , Alberto Carrassi , Valerio Lucarini

Data assimilation (DA) methods use priors arising from differential equations to robustly interpolate and extrapolate data. Popular techniques such as ensemble methods that handle high-dimensional, nonlinear PDE priors focus mostly on state…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-06-05 Rafael Anderka , Marc Peter Deisenroth , So Takao

Continuous data assimilation (CDA) is successfully implemented for the first time for efficient dynamical downscaling of a global atmospheric reanalysis. A comparison of the performance of CDA with the standard grid and spectral nudging…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2019-07-31 Srinivas Desamsetti , Hari Prasad Dasari , Sabique Langodan , Edriss S Titi , Omar Knio , Ibrahim Hoteit

We propose a novel learning-based surrogate data assimilation (DA) model for efficient state estimation in a limited area. Our model employs a feedforward neural network for online computation, eliminating the need for integrating…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-07-17 Wei Kang , Liang Xu , Hong Zhou

Prediction of the state evolution of complex high-dimensional nonlinear systems is challenging due to the nonlinear sensitivity of the evolution to small inaccuracies in the model. Data Assimilation (DA) techniques improve state estimates…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2023-07-10 Aishah Albarakati , Marko Budisic , Erik Van Vleck

Data assimilation (DA) estimates the state of an evolving dynamical system from noisy, partial observations, and is widely used in scientific simulation as well as weather and climate science. In practice, filtering methods rely on…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-15 Yixuan Jia , Siyi Chen , Yida Pan , Xiao Li , Lianghe Shi , Chanyong Jung , Haijie Yuan , Ismail Alkhouri , Yue Cynthia Wu , Saiprasad Ravishankar , Jeffrey A Fessler , Qing Qu

This article studies the intimate relationship between two filtering algorithms for continuous data assimilation, the synchronization filter and the nudging filter, in the paradigmatic context of the two-dimensional (2D) Navier-Stokes…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-12-24 Elizabeth Carlson , Aseel Farhat , Vincent R. Martinez , Collin Victor

Starting from limited measurements of a turbulent flow, data assimilation (DA) attempts to estimate all the spatio-temporal scales of motion. Success is dependent on whether the system is observable from the measurements, or how much of the…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2026-02-16 Andrew Cleary , Qi Wang , Tamer A. Zaki

We study a discrete-in-time data-assimilation algorithm based on nudging through a time-delayed feedback control in which the observational measurements have been contaminated by a Gaussian noise process. In the context of the…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2023-09-08 Emine Celik , Eric Olson

A large-scale, general-purpose data assimilation (DA) platform for materials modeling, douka, was developed and applied to nonlinear materials models. The platform demonstrated its effectiveness in estimating physical properties that cannot…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-04-16 Aoi Watanabe , Ryuhei Sato , Ikuya Kinefuchi , Yasushi Shibuta

We assess the utility of an optimization-based data assimilation (D.A.) technique for treating the problem of nonlinear neutrino flavor transformation in core collapse supernovae. D.A. uses measurements obtained from a physical system to…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-10-18 Eve Armstrong , Amol V. Patwardhan , Lucas Johns , Chad T. Kishimoto , Henry D. I. Abarbanel , George M. Fuller

Interpolation-based Data Augmentation (DA) methods (Mixup) linearly interpolate the inputs and labels of two or more training examples. Mixup has more recently been adapted to the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP), mainly for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-17 Yuxin Pei , Pushkar Bhuse , Zhengzhong Liu , Eric Xing