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Infrared target detection (IRSTD) tasks have critical applications in areas like wilderness rescue and maritime search. However, detecting infrared targets is challenging due to their low contrast and tendency to blend into complex…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Zikai Liao , Zhaozheng Yin

Infrared small target detection based on deep learning offers unique advantages in separating small targets from complex and dynamic backgrounds. However, the features of infrared small targets gradually weaken as the depth of convolutional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-18 Chun Bao , Jie Cao , Yaqian Ning , Tianhua Zhao , Zhijun Li , Zechen Wang , Li Zhang , Qun Hao

Infrared small target detection (ISTD) under complex backgrounds is a difficult problem, for the differences between targets and backgrounds are not easy to distinguish. Background reconstruction is one of the methods to deal with this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Jingchao Peng , Haitao Zhao , Kaijie Zhao , Zhongze Wang , Lujian Yao

Infrared small target (IRST) detection is challenging in simultaneously achieving precise, robust, and efficient performance due to extremely dim targets and strong interference. Current learning-based methods attempt to leverage ``more"…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Ruojing Li , Wei An , Yingqian Wang , Xinyi Ying , Yimian Dai , Longguang Wang , Miao Li , Yulan Guo , Li Liu

Infrared small target detection (IRSTD) is critical for applications like remote sensing and surveillance, which aims to identify small, low-contrast targets against complex backgrounds. However, existing methods often struggle with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Shuying Li , Qiang Ma , San Zhang , Chuang Yang

Infrared small target detection(IRSTD) is widely recognized as a challenging task due to the inherent limitations of infrared imaging, including low signal-to-noise ratios, lack of texture details, and complex background interference. While…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-05 Yuxin Jing , Yuchen Zheng , Jufeng Zhao , Guangmang Cui , Tianpei Zhang

Infrared small target detection (IRSTD) is critical for defense and surveillance but remains challenging due to (1) target loss from minimal features, (2) false alarms in cluttered environments, (3) missed detections from low saliency, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Abdulkarim Atrash , Omar Moured , Yufan Chen , Jiaming Zhang , Seyda Ertekin , Omur Ugur

Infrared small target detection (ISTD) is widely used in civilian and military applications. However, ISTD encounters several challenges, including the tendency for small and dim targets to be obscured by complex backgrounds. To address…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Chen Hu , Yian Huang , Kexuan Li , Luping Zhang , Chang Long , Yiming Zhu , Tian Pu , Zhenming Peng

Infrared small target detection faces the problem that it is difficult to effectively separate the background and the target. Existing deep learning-based methods focus on edge and shape features, but ignore the richer structural…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Jinmiao Zhao , Zelin Shi , Chuang Yu , Yunpeng Liu , Xinyi Ying , Yimian Dai

Infrared object tracking plays a crucial role in Anti-Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (Anti-UAV) applications. Existing trackers often depend on cropped template regions and have limited motion modeling capabilities, which pose challenges when…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Chenxu Peng , Chenxu Wang , Minrui Zou , Danyang Li , Zhengpeng Yang , Yimian Dai , Ming-Ming Cheng , Xiang Li

Infrared small target detection (IRSTD) aims to identify and distinguish small targets from complex backgrounds. Leveraging the powerful multi-scale feature fusion capability of the U-Net architecture, IRSTD has achieved significant…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Yingmei Zhang , Wangtao Bao , Yong Yang , Weiguo Wan , Qin Xiao , Xueting Zou

Infrared small target detection (ISTD) faces two major challenges: a lack of discernible target texture and severe background clutter, which results in the background obscuring the target. To enhance targets and suppress backgrounds, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Chen Hu , Mingyu Zhou , Shuai Yuan , Hongbo Hu , Zhenming Peng , Tian Pu , Xiying Li

Single-frame infrared small target (SIRST) detection aims to recognize small targets from clutter backgrounds. Recently, convolutional neural networks have achieved significant advantages in general object detection. With the development of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Yahao Lu , Yupei Lin , Han Wu , Xiaoyu Xian , Yukai Shi , Liang Lin

Infrared small target detection (IRSTD) is crucial for surveillance and early-warning, with deployments spanning both single-frame analysis and video-mode tracking. A practical solution should leverage vision foundation models (VFMs) to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Qian Xu , Xi Li , Fei Gao , Jie Guo , Haojuan Yuan , Shuaipeng Fan , Mingjin Zhang

Infrared small target detection (ISTD) is highly sensitive to sensor type, observation conditions, and the intrinsic properties of the target. These factors can introduce substantial variations in the distribution of acquired infrared image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Yahao Lu , Yuehui Li , Xingyuan Guo , Shuai Yuan , Yukai Shi , Liang Lin

Infrared small target detection is an important fundamental task in the infrared system. Therefore, many infrared small target detection methods have been proposed, in which the low-rank model has been used as a powerful tool. However, most…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-29 Ting Liu , Jungang Yang , Boyang Li , Chao Xiao , Yang Sun , Yingqian Wang , Wei An

While large-scale visual foundation models (VFMs) exhibit strong generalization across diverse visual domains, their potential for single-frame infrared small target (SIRST) detection remains largely unexplored. To fill this gap, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Chuang Yu , Jinmiao Zhao , Yunpeng Liu , Yaokun Li , Xiujun Shu , Yuanhao Feng , Bo Wang , Yimian Dai , Xiangyu Yue

Infrared small target detection (IRSTD) plays a crucial role in numerous military and civilian applications. However, existing methods often face the gradual degradation of target edge pixels as the number of network layers increases, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Shuying Li , Qiang Ma , San Zhang , Wuwei Wang , Chuang Yang

Infrared small target detection (IRSTD) plays a pivotal role in a broad spectrum of mission-critical applications, including maritime surveillance, military search and rescue, early warning systems, and precision-guided strikes, all of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Yingming Zhang , Wuqi Su , Qing Xiao , Yonggang Yang

Infrared small target detection (IRSTD) aims to separate small targets from clutter backgrounds. Extensive research is dedicated to the pixel-level supervision-guided "encoder-decoder" segmentation paradigm. Although having achieved…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Rixiang Ni , Boyang Li , Jun Chen , Yonghao Li , Feiyu Ren , Yuji Wang , Haoyang Yuan , Wujiao He , Wei An