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The sequence form, owing to its compact and holistic strategy representation, has demonstrated significant efficiency in computing normal-form perfect equilibria for two-player extensive-form games with perfect recall. Nevertheless, the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Yuqing Hou , Yiyin Cao , Chuangyin Dang , Yong Wang

The paper studies the highly prototypical Fictitious Play (FP) algorithm, as well as a broad class of learning processes based on best-response dynamics, that we refer to as FP-type algorithms. A well-known shortcoming of FP is that, while…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-04-21 Brian Swenson , Soummya Kar , Joao Xavier

Counterfactual Regret Minimization (CFR) algorithms are widely used to compute a Nash equilibrium (NE) in two-player zero-sum imperfect-information extensive-form games (IIGs). Among them, Predictive CFR$^+$ (PCFR$^+$) is particularly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Linjian Meng , Tianpei Yang , Youzhi Zhang , Zhenxing Ge , Yang Gao

Bayesian games model interactive decision-making where players have incomplete information -- e.g., regarding payoffs and private data on players' strategies and preferences -- and must actively reason and update their belief models (with…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Zuyuan Zhang , Mahdi Imani , Tian Lan

Extensive-form games (EFGs) are a common model of multi-agent interactions with imperfect information. State-of-the-art algorithms for solving these games typically perform full walks of the game tree that can prove prohibitively slow in…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-07-24 Trevor Davis , Martin Schmid , Michael Bowling

This paper investigates a class of games with large strategy spaces, motivated by challenges in AI alignment and language games. We introduce the hidden game problem, where for each player, an unknown subset of strategies consistently…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Gon Buzaglo , Noah Golowich , Elad Hazan

We analyze worst-case convergence guarantees of first-order optimization methods over a function class extending that of smooth and convex functions. This class contains convex functions that admit a simple quadratic upper bound. Its study…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-05-31 Baptiste Goujaud , Adrien Taylor , Aymeric Dieuleveut

In this paper, a centred universal high-order finite volume method for solving hyperbolic balance laws is presented. The scheme belongs to the family of ADER methods where the Generalized Riemann Problems (GRP) is a building block. The…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-07-28 Gino I. Montecinos

In this paper, a novel class of exponential Fourier collocation methods (EFCMs) is presented for solving systems of first-order ordinary differential equations. These so-called exponential Fourier collocation methods are based on the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2018-02-22 Bin Wang , Xinyuan Wu , Fanwei Meng , Yonglei Fang

In this paper, we develop an approximation scheme for solving bilevel programs with equilibrium constraints, which are generally difficult to solve. Among other things, calculating the first-order derivative in such a problem requires…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-02-21 Jiayang Li , Jing Yu , Boyi Liu , Zhaoran Wang , Yu Marco Nie

A major open question in algorithmic game theory is whether normal-form correlated equilibria (NFCE) can be computed efficiently in succinct games such as extensive-form games [DFF+25,6PR24,FP23,HvS08,VSF08,PR08]. Motivated by this…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Vincent Cheval , Florian Horn , Soumyajit Paul , Mahsa Shirmohammadi

We initiate the study of trembling-hand perfection in sequential (i.e., extensive-form) games with correlation. We introduce the extensive-form perfect correlated equilibrium (EFPCE) as a refinement of the classical extensive-form…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-12-14 Alberto Marchesi , Nicola Gatti

In this paper, we introduce the first algorithmic framework for Blackwell approachability on the sequence-form polytope, the class of convex polytopes capturing the strategies of players in extensive-form games (EFGs). This leads to a new…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-03-08 Darshan Chakrabarti , Julien Grand-Clément , Christian Kroer

We study the extent to which it is possible to approximate the optimal value of a Unique Games instance in Fixed-Point Logic with Counting (FPC). Formally, we prove lower bounds against the accuracy of FPC-interpretations that map Unique…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Jamie Tucker-Foltz

We develop value iteration-based algorithms to solve in a unified manner different classes of combinatorial zero-sum games with mean-payoff type rewards. These algorithms rely on an oracle, evaluating the dynamic programming operator up to…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Xavier Allamigeon , Stéphane Gaubert , Ricardo D. Katz , Mateusz Skomra

First order methods, which solely rely on gradient information, are commonly used in diverse machine learning (ML) and data analysis (DA) applications. This is attributed to the simplicity of their implementations, as well as low…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-03-06 Sudhir B. Kylasa , Farbod Roosta-Khorasani , Michael W. Mahoney , Ananth Grama

This work assesses both empirically and theoretically, using the performance estimation methodology, how robust different first-order optimization methods are when subject to relative inexactness in their gradient computations. Relative…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-07-02 Pierre Vernimmen , François Glineur

Characterizing the performance of no-regret dynamics in multi-player games is a foundational problem at the interface of online learning and game theory. Recent results have revealed that when all players adopt specific learning algorithms,…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Ioannis Anagnostides , Alkis Kalavasis , Tuomas Sandholm , Manolis Zampetakis

Poker, also known as Texas Hold'em, has always been a typical research target within imperfect information games (IIGs). IIGs have long served as a measure of artificial intelligence (AI) development. Representative prior works, such as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Chenghao Huang , Yanbo Cao , Yinlong Wen , Tao Zhou , Yanru Zhang

We study the problem of computing an Extensive-Form Perfect Equilibrium (EFPE) in 2-player games. This equilibrium concept refines the Nash equilibrium requiring resilience w.r.t. a specific vanishing perturbation (representing mistakes of…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-16 Gabriele Farina , Nicola Gatti