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We present a general technique for the analysis of first-order methods. The technique relies on the construction of a duality gap for an appropriate approximation of the objective function, where the function approximation improves as the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-12-12 Jelena Diakonikolas , Lorenzo Orecchia

Parallelization has played an instrumental role in the field of artificial intelligence (AI), drastically reducing the time taken to train and evaluate large AI models. In contrast to its impact in the broader field of AI, applying…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Juho Kim , Tuomas Sandholm

Extensive-form games with imperfect recall are an important game-theoretic model that allows a compact representation of strategies in dynamic strategic interactions. Practical use of imperfect recall games is limited due to negative…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2017-05-25 Branislav Bosansky , Jiri Cermak , Karel Horak , Michal Pechoucek

We introduce a simple extensive-form algorithm for finding equilibria of two-player, zero-sum games. The algorithm is realization equivalent to a generalized form of Fictitious Play. We compare its performance to that of a similar…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Tim P. Schulze

We investigate first-order notions of correlated equilibria in smooth games, in which players do not incur any regret against small modifications of their actions prescribed by some vector field. We define two such notions, based on local…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Mete Şeref Ahunbay

Counterfactual Regret Minimization (CFR) is the most successful algorithm for finding approximate Nash equilibria in imperfect information games. However, CFR's reliance on full game-tree traversals limits its scalability. For this reason,…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-10-07 Eric Steinberger

First-order methods based on the PDHG algorithm have recently emerged as a viable option for efficiently solving large-scale linear programming problems. One highly desirable property of these methods is that they can make effective use of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-10-29 Edward Rothberg

We investigate the use of low-precision first-order methods (FOMs) within a fix-and-propagate (FP) framework for solving mixed-integer programming problems (MIPs). We employ GPU-accelerated PDLP, a variant of the Primal-Dual Hybrid Gradient…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-05 Nils-Christian Kempke , Thorsten Koch

Counterfactual regret minimization (CFR) is an effective algorithm for solving extensive games with imperfect information (IIEGs). However, CFR is only allowed to be applied in known environments, where the transition function of the chance…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Chen Qiu , Xuan Wang , Tianzi Ma , Yaojun Wen , Jiajia Zhang

Self-play methods based on regret minimization have become the state of the art for computing Nash equilibria in large two-players zero-sum extensive-form games. These methods fundamentally rely on the hierarchical structure of the players'…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-10-29 Gabriele Farina , Chun Kai Ling , Fei Fang , Tuomas Sandholm

The CFR framework has been a powerful tool for solving large-scale extensive-form games in practice. However, the theoretical rate at which past CFR-based algorithms converge to the Nash equilibrium is on the order of $O(T^{-1/2})$, where…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-02-14 Gabriele Farina , Christian Kroer , Noam Brown , Tuomas Sandholm

We identify three common cases that lead to overestimation of adversarial accuracy against bounded first-order attack methods, which is popularly used as a proxy for adversarial robustness in empirical studies. For each case, we propose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-03 Kyungmi Lee , Anantha P. Chandrakasan

Driven by recent successes in two-player, zero-sum game solving and playing, artificial intelligence work on games has increasingly focused on algorithms that produce equilibrium-based strategies. However, this approach has been less…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-06-24 Dustin Morrill , Ryan D'Orazio , Reca Sarfati , Marc Lanctot , James R. Wright , Amy Greenwald , Michael Bowling

Security-Constrained Unit Commitment is a fundamental optimization problem in power systems operations. The primary computational bottleneck arises from the need to solve large-scale Linear Programming (LP) relaxations within…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-10-14 Jinxin Xiong , Yanting Huang , Yingxiao Wang , Linxin Yang , Jianghua Wu , Shunbo Lei , Akang Wang

We consider the problem of computing an equilibrium in a class of \textit{nonlinear generalized Nash equilibrium problems (NGNEPs)} in which the strategy sets for each player are defined by equality and inequality constraints that may…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-02-07 Michael I. Jordan , Tianyi Lin , Manolis Zampetakis

Regret minimization has proved to be a versatile tool for tree-form sequential decision making and extensive-form games. In large two-player zero-sum imperfect-information games, modern extensions of counterfactual regret minimization (CFR)…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-03-09 Gabriele Farina , Tuomas Sandholm

Counterfactual Regret Minimization (CFR)} is the popular method for finding approximate Nash equilibrium in two-player zero-sum games with imperfect information. CFR solves games by travsersing the full game tree iteratively, which limits…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-01-04 Huale Li , Xuan Wang , Zengyue Guo , Jiajia Zhang , Shuhan Qi

First-order methods (FOMs) are arguably the most scalable algorithms for equilibrium computation in large extensive-form games. To operationalize these methods, a distance-generating function, acting as a regularizer for the strategy space,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Zhiyuan Fan , Christian Kroer , Gabriele Farina

Hindsight rationality is an approach to playing general-sum games that prescribes no-regret learning dynamics for individual agents with respect to a set of deviations, and further describes jointly rational behavior among multiple agents…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-06-24 Dustin Morrill , Ryan D'Orazio , Marc Lanctot , James R. Wright , Michael Bowling , Amy Greenwald

Mean-field games (MFGs) have shown strong modeling capabilities for large systems in various fields, driving growth in computational methods for mean-field game problems. However, high order methods have not been thoroughly investigated. In…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-08-16 Guosheng Fu , Siting Liu , Stanley Osher , Wuchen Li