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Zeckendorf's theorem states that every positive integer can be written uniquely as a sum of non-consecutive Fibonacci numbers ${F_n}$, with initial terms $F_1 = 1, F_2 = 2$. We consider the distribution of the number of summands involved in…

A beautiful theorem of Zeckendorf states that every integer can be written uniquely as a sum of non-consecutive Fibonacci numbers $\{F_n\}_{n=1}^{\infty}$; Lekkerkerker proved that the average number of summands for integers in $[F_n,…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2011-07-15 Steven J. Miller , Yinghui Wang

By Zeckendorf's Theorem, every positive integer is uniquely written as a sum of distinct non-adjacent Fibonacci terms. In this paper, we investigate the asymptotic formula of the number of binary expansions $<x$ that have no adjacent terms,…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2023-08-25 Sungkon Chang

It is well known that every positive integer can be expressed as a sum of nonconsecutive Fibonacci numbers provided the Fibonacci numbers satisfy $F_n =F_{n-1}+F_{n-2}$ for $n\geq 3$, $F_1 =1$ and $F_2 =2$. In this paper, for any…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-02-06 Daniel Gotshall , Pamela E. Harris , Dawn Nelson , Maria D. Vega , Cameron Voigt

Zeckendorf's theorem states that any positive integer can be written uniquely as a sum of non-adjacent Fibonacci numbers; this result has been generalized to many recurrence relations, especially those arising from linear recurrences with…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-07-04 Minerva Catral , Pari L. Ford , Pamela E. Harris , Steven J. Miller , Dawn Nelson

Zeckendorf proved that every positive integer has a unique representation as a sum of non-consecutive Fibonacci numbers. Once this has been shown, it's natural to ask how many summands are needed. Using a continued fraction approach,…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2010-08-20 Murat Kologlu , Gene Kopp , Steven J. Miller , Yinghui Wang

Zeckendorf proved that every positive integer has a unique partition as a sum of non-consecutive Fibonacci numbers. Similarly, every natural number can be partitioned into a sum of non-consecutive terms of the Lucas sequence, although such…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2021-08-31 Hung V. Chu , David C. Luo , Steven J. Miller

We present a multidimensional generalization of Zeckendorf's Theorem (any positive integer can be written uniquely as a sum of non-adjacent Fibonacci numbers) to a large family of linear recurrences. This extends work of Anderson and…

By Zeckendorf's Theorem, every positive integer is uniquely written as a sum of non-adjacent terms of the Fibonacci sequence, and its converse states that if a sequence in the positive integers has this property, it must be the Fibonacci…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2021-07-06 Sungkon Chang

We construct an encoding of finite strings over a fixed finite alphabet as natural numbers, based on a block partition of the Fibonacci sequence. Each position in the string selects one Fibonacci number from a dedicated block, with unused…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Zoltán Sóstai

Zeckendorf's theorem states that every positive integer can be uniquely decomposed into nonadjacent Fibonacci numbers. On the other hand, Chung and Graham proved that every positive integer can be uniquely written as a sum of even-indexed…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-04-30 Lucas Bustos , Hung Viet Chu , Minchae Kim , Uihyeon Lee , Shreya Shankar , Garrett Tresch

Fibonacci codes are self-synchronizing variable-length codes that are proven useful for their robustness and compression capability. Asymptotically, these codes provide better compression efficiency as the order of the underlying Fibonacci…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-07-02 Perathorn Pooksombat , Patanee Udomkavanich , Wittawat Kositwattanarerk

Zeckendorf's theorem states that every positive integer can be written uniquely as the sum of non-consecutive shifted Fibonacci numbers $\{F_n\}$, where we take $F_1=1$ and $F_2=2$. This has been generalized for any Positive Linear…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2021-08-05 Thomas C. Martinez , Steven J. Miller , Clayton Mizgerd , Chenyang Sun

Zeckendorf's theorem establishes a unique representation for positive integers as sums of non-consecutive Fibonacci numbers. This result has been generalized to Positive Linear Recurrence Sequences (PLRS), where key statistical properties,…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-04-20 Sajad Salami

Zeckendorf's theorem states that every positive integer can be written uniquely as the sum of non-consecutive shifted Fibonacci numbers $\{F_n\}$, where we take $F_1=1$ and $F_2=2$. This has been generalized for any Positive Linear…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2021-08-05 Thomas C. Martinez , Steven J. Miller , Clayton Mizgerd , Jack Murphy , Chenyang Sun

Zeckendorf proved that every positive integer has a unique partition as a sum of non-consecutive Fibonacci numbers. We study the difference between the number of summands in the partition of two consecutive integers. In particular, let…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2020-10-30 Hung Viet Chu

A positive linear recurrence sequence is of the form $H_{n+1} = c_1 H_n + \cdots + c_L H_{n+1-L}$ with each $c_i \ge 0$ and $c_1 c_L > 0$, with appropriately chosen initial conditions. There is a notion of a legal decomposition (roughly,…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2016-07-19 Steven J. Miller , Dawn Nelson , Zhao Pan , Huanzhong Xu

We dedicate this paper to investigate the most generalized form of Fibonacci Sequence, one of the most studied sections of the mathematical literature. One can notice that, we have discussed even a more general form of the conventional one.…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2015-02-25 Masum Billal

We study Fibonacci compositions, which are compositions of natural numbers that only use Fibonacci numbers, in two different contexts. We first prove inequalities comparing the number of Fibonacci compositions to regular compositions where…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2022-11-29 Joshua M. Siktar

Divisibility sequences are defined by the property that their elements divide each other whenever their indices do. The divisibility sequences that also satisfy a linear recurrence, like the Fibonacci numbers, are generated by polynomials…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2022-06-22 Sergiy Koshkin