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We consider the pilot assignment problem in large-scale distributed multi-input multi-output (MIMO) networks, where a large number of remote radio head (RRH) antennas are randomly distributed in a wide area, and jointly serve a relatively…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-05-27 Han Yu , Xinping Yi , Giuseppe Caire

We consider a cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system with multiple antennas on the users and access points (APs). In previous works, the downlink spectral efficiency (SE) has been evaluated using the hardening bound…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Eren Berk Kama , Junbeom Kim , Emil Björnson

Massive MIMO is a promising technique to increase the spectral efficiency (SE) of cellular networks, by deploying antenna arrays with hundreds or thousands of active elements at the base stations and performing coherent transceiver…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-10-21 Emil Björnson , Erik G. Larsson , Mérouane Debbah

Pilot contamination, caused by the reuse of pilots among interfering cells, remains as a significant obstacle that limits the performance of massive multi-input multi-output antenna systems. To handle this problem, less aggressive reuse of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-10-10 Jy-yong Sohn , Sung Whan Yoon , Jaekyun Moon

Pilot contamination remains a major bottleneck in realizing the full potential of distributed massive MIMO systems. We propose two dynamic and scalable pilot assignment schemes designed for practical deployment in such networks. First, we…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Mohd Saif Ali Khan , Karthik RM , Samar Agnihotri

Massive MIMO systems, where the base stations are equipped with hundreds of antenna elements, are an attractive way to attain unprecedented spectral efficiency in future wireless networks. In the "classical" massive MIMO setting, the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-06-08 Elisabeth de Carvalho , Emil Bjornson , Erik G. Larsson , Petar Popovski

This work considers the uplink of a Massive MIMO network wherein the base stations (BSs) are randomly deployed according to a homogenous Poisson point process of intensity $\lambda$. Each BS is equipped with $M$ antennas and serves $K$ user…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-06-04 Fahime Sadat Mirhosseini , Andrea Pizzo , Luca Sanguinetti , Aliakbar Tadaion

This paper takes into consideration the non-ideal efficiency characteristics of realistic power amplifiers (PAs) along with the daily traffic profile in order to investigate the impact of PA dimensioning on the energy efficiency (EE) of…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2014-11-10 M. M. Aftab Hossain , Riku Jäntti , Cicek Cavdar

We consider a massive MIMO system based on Time Division Duplexing (TDD) and channel reciprocity, where the base stations (BSs) learn the channel vectors of their users via the pilots transmitted by the users in the uplink (UL). It is…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-07-03 Saeid Haghighatshoar , Giuseppe Caire

Pilot contamination is a critical issue in distributed massive MIMO networks, where the reuse of pilot sequences due to limited availability of orthogonal pilots for channel estimation leads to performance degradation. In this work, we…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Mohd Saif Ali Khan , Samar Agnihotri , Karthik R. M

The main requirements for 5G and beyond connectivity include a uniform high quality of service, which can be attained in crowded scenarios by extra-large MIMO (XL-MIMO) systems. Another requirement is to support increasing connected users…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-04-11 Gabriel Avanzi Ubiali , Taufik Abrao , Jose Carlos Marinello

This paper considers the jointly optimal pilot and data power allocation in single-cell uplink massive multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems. Using the spectral efficiency (SE) as performance metric and setting a total energy budget…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Hei Victor Cheng , Emil Björnson , Erik G. Larsson

In user-centric cell-free multi-antenna systems, pilot contamination degrades spectral efficiency (SE) severely. To mitigate pilot contamination, existing works jointly optimize pilot assignment and power allocation by assuming fixed pilot…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-01 Yao Peng , Tingting Liu , Chenyang Yang

Resource allocation is conceived for cell-free (CF) massive multi-input multi-output (MIMO)-aided ultra-reliable and low latency communication (URLLC) systems. Specifically, to support multiple devices with limited pilot overhead, pilot…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-22 Qihao Peng , Hong Ren , Mianxiong Dong , Maged Elkashlan , Kai-Kit Wong , Lajos Hanzo

Pilot contamination, defined as the interference during the channel estimation process due to reusing the same pilot sequences in neighboring cells, can severely degrade the performance of massive multiple-input multiple-output systems. In…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-06-05 L. Srikar Muppirisetty , Themistoklis Charalambous , Johnny Karout , Gabor Fodor , Henk Wymeersch

Wireless communication is enabling billions of people to connect to each other and the internet, transforming every sector of the economy, and building the foundations for powerful new technologies that hold great promise to improve lives…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2023-08-09 Shruthi Prusty , Sofiat Olaosebikan

We propose a novel location-aware pilot assignment scheme to mitigate pilot contamination in massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) networks, where the channels are subjected to Rician fading. Our proposed scheme utilizes the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-01-14 Noman Akbar , Shihao Yan , Nan Yang , Jinhong Yuan

A massive MIMO system, represented by a base station with hundreds of antennas, is capable of spatially multiplexing many devices and thus naturally suited to serve dense crowds of wireless devices in emerging applications, such as…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-09-06 Elisabeth de Carvalho , Emil Björnson , Jesper H. Sørensen , Erik G. Larsson , Petar Popovski

Under the conditions where performance in a massive MIMO network is limited by pilot contamination, the reverse link signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) exhibits different distributions when using different pilot allocation schemes. By…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-06-10 Anand Sivamalai , Jamie S. Evans

Massive MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output) provides great improvements in spectral efficiency over legacy cellular networks, by coherent combining of the signals over a large antenna array and by spatial multiplexing of many users. Since…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-03-07 Emil Björnson , Jakob Hoydis , Luca Sanguinetti