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We establish a direct connection between spread complexity and quantum circuit complexity by demonstrating that spread complexity emerges as a limiting case of a circuit complexity framework built from two fundamental operations:…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-05-19 Cameron Beetar , Eric L Graef , Jeff Murugan , Horatiu Nastase , Hendrik J R Van Zyl

Evolutionary complexity is here measured by the number of trials/evaluations needed for evolving a logical gate in a non-linear medium. Behavioural complexity of the gates evolved is characterised in terms of cellular automata behaviour. We…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2010-11-23 Andy Adamatzky , Larry Bull

Recently it has been argued that entropy can be a direct measure of complexity, where the smaller value of entropy indicates lower system complexity, while its larger value indicates higher system complexity. We dispute this view and…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-08-26 Jarosław Klamut , Ryszard Kutner , Zbigniew R. Struzik

We study Nielsen's circuit complexity in a periodic harmonic oscillator chain, under single and multiple quenches. In a multiple quench scenario, it is shown that the complexity shows remarkably different behaviour compared to the other…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-07 Kuntal Pal , Kunal Pal , Ankit Gill , Tapobrata Sarkar

The problem of defining and studying complexity of a time series has interested people for years. In the context of dynamical systems, Grassberger has suggested that a slow approach of the entropy to its extensive asymptotic limit is a sign…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2009-11-07 William Bialek , Ilya Nemenman , Naftali Tishby

The evolution of complexity has been a central theme for Biology [2] and Artificial Life research [1]. It is generally agreed that complexity has increased in our universe, giving way to life, multi-cellularity, societies, and systems of…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2011-09-06 Carlos Gershenson , Tom Lenaerts

The nature and source of evolutionary trends in complexity is difficult to assess from the fossil record, and the driven vs. passive nature of such trends has been debated for decades. There are also questions about how effectively…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2011-12-22 Larry Yaeger , Virgil Griffith , Olaf Sporns

There is no single universally accepted definition of "Complexity". There are several perspectives on complexity and what constitutes complex behaviour or complex systems, as opposed to regular, predictable behaviour and simple systems. In…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2018-01-17 Nithin Nagaraj , Karthi Balasubramanian

In a genetic algorithm, fluctuations of the entropy of a genome over time are interpreted as fluctuations of the information that the genome's organism is storing about its environment, being this reflected in more complex organisms. The…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2010-11-04 Manuel Cebrian , Manuel Alfonseca , Alfonso Ortega

We enhance our quantitative comprehension of the complexity associated with both time-optimal and time sub-optimal quantum Hamiltonian evolutions that connect arbitrary source and target states on the Bloch sphere, as recently presented in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-02 Carlo Cafaro , Emma Clements , Abeer Alanazi

Fidelity serves as a benchmark for the relieability in quantum information processes, and has recently atracted much interest as a measure of the susceptibility of dynamics to perturbations. A rich variety of regimes for fidelity decay have…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Thomas Gorin , Tomaz Prosen , Thomas H. Seligman , Marko Znidaric

We consider unitary dynamical evolutions on n qubits caused by time dependent pair-interaction Hamiltonians and show that the running time of a parallelized two-qubit gate network simulating the evolution is given by the time integral over…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-06 Dominik Janzing , Thomas Beth

A good process model is expected not only to reflect the behavior of the process, but also to be as easy to read and understand as possible. Because preferences vary across different applications, numerous measures provide ways to reflect…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-08-23 Patrizia Schalk , Adam Burke , Robert Lorenz

In optimal quantum-mechanical evolutions, motion can take place along paths of minimal length within an optimal time frame. Alternatively, optimal evolutions may occur along established paths without any waste of energy resources and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-16 Carlo Cafaro , James Schneeloch

In quantum/wave systems with chaotic classical analogs, wavefunctions evolve in highly complex, yet deterministic ways. A slight perturbation of the system, though, will cause the evolution to diverge from its original behavior increasingly…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2009-11-07 Nicholas R. Cerruti , Steven Tomsovic

Quantum circuit complexity is a fundamental concept whose importance permeates quantum information, computation, many-body physics and high-energy physics. While extensively studied in closed systems, its characterization and behaviors in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-28 Zhenyu Du , Zi-Wen Liu , Xiongfeng Ma

The evolution of complexity has been a central theme for Biology and Artificial Life (Bonner, 1988; Bedau et al., 2000). Complexification has been interpreted in different ways: as a process of diversification between evolving units…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2007-05-23 Carlos Gershenson , Tom Lenaerts

We study the complexity of both time-optimal and time sub-optimal quantum Hamiltonian evolutions connecting arbitrary source and a target states on the Bloch sphere equipped with the Fubini-Study metric. This investigation is performed in a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-28 Carlo Cafaro , Leonardo Rossetti , Paul M. Alsing

We study the stability of unitary quantum dynamics of composite systems (for example: central system + environment) with respect to weak interaction between the two parts. Unified theoretical formalism is applied to study different physical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 Marko Znidaric , Tomaz Prosen

The circuit complexity of time-evolved pure quantum states grows linearly in time for an exponentially long time. This behavior has been proven in certain models, is conjectured to hold for generic quantum many-body systems, and is believed…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-10-22 Yale Fan , Nicholas Hunter-Jones , Andreas Karch , Shivan Mittal
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