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In balanced allocations, the goal is to place $m$ balls into $n$ bins, so as to minimize the gap (difference of max to average load). The One-Choice process places each ball to a bin sampled independently and uniformly at random. The…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2023-04-24 Dimitrios Los , Thomas Sauerwald

Balls-and-bins games have been a wildly successful tool for modeling load balancing problems. In this paper, we study a new scenario, which we call the ball recycling game, defined as follows: Throw m balls into n bins i.i.d. according to a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-11-05 Michael A. Bender , Jake Christensen , Alex Conway , Martín Farach-Colton , Rob Johnson , Meng-Tsung Tsai

A fundamental problem in distributed computing is the distribution of requests to a set of uniform servers without a centralized controller. Classically, such problems are modeled as static balls into bins processes, where $m$ balls (tasks)…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2016-03-08 Petra Berenbrink , Tom Friedetzky , Peter Kling , Frederik Mallmann-Trenn , Lars Nagel , Chris Wastell

The graphical balls-into-bins process is a generalization of the classical 2-choice balls-into-bins process, where the bins correspond to vertices of an arbitrary underlying graph $G$. At each time step an edge of $G$ is chosen uniformly at…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2021-11-23 Nikhil Bansal , Ohad Feldheim

We consider an infinite balls-into-bins process with deletions where in each discrete step $t$ a coin is tossed as to whether, with probability $\beta(t) \in (0,1)$, a new ball is allocated using the Greedy[2] strategy (which places the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Petra Berenbrink , Tom Friedetzky , Peter Kling , Lars Nagel

Suppose that we are to place $m$ balls into $n$ bins sequentially using the $d$-choice paradigm: For each ball we are given a choice of $d$ bins, according to $d$ hash functions $h_1,\dots,h_d$ and we place the ball in the least loaded of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-04-26 Anders Aamand , Mathias Bæk Tejs Knudsen , Mikkel Thorup

In dynamic load balancing, we wish to distribute balls into bins in an environment where both balls and bins can be added and removed. We want to minimize the maximum load of any bin but we also want to minimize the number of balls and bins…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Anders Aamand , Jakob Bæk Tejs Knudsen , Mikkel Thorup

We consider the allocation of $m$ balls into $n$ bins with incomplete information. In the classical Two-Choice process a ball first queries the load of two randomly chosen bins and is then placed in the least loaded bin. In our setting,…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2022-01-28 Dimitrios Los , Thomas Sauerwald

Suppose that there are n bins, and balls arrive in a Poisson process at rate \lambda n, where \lambda >0 is a constant. Upon arrival, each ball chooses a fixed number d of random bins, and is placed into one with least load. Balls have…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Malwina J. Luczak , Colin McDiarmid

Allocation of balls into bins is a well studied abstraction for load balancing problems.The literature hosts numerous results for sequential(single dimensional) allocation case when m balls are thrown into n bins. In this paper we study the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2011-11-30 Ankur Narang , Sourav Dutta , Souvik Bhattacherjee

We introduce a new class of balanced allocation processes which bias towards underloaded bins (those with load below the mean load) either by skewing the probability by which a bin is chosen for an allocation (probability bias), or…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-01-12 Dimitrios Los , Thomas Sauerwald , John Sylvester

Load balancing is a well-studied problem, with balls-in-bins being the primary framework. The greedy algorithm $\mathsf{Greedy}[d]$ of Azar et al. places each ball by probing $d > 1$ random bins and placing the ball in the least loaded of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-01-24 John Augustine , William K. Moses , Amanda Redlich , Eli Upfal

We consider the following balls-into-bins process with $n$ bins and $m$ balls: each ball is equipped with a mutually independent exponential clock of rate 1. Whenever a ball's clock rings, the ball samples a random bin and moves there if…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2017-07-03 Petra Berenbrink , Peter Kling , Christopher Liaw , Abbas Mehrabian

Balls-in-bins models describe a random sequential allocation of infinitely many balls into a finite number of bins. In these models a ball is placed into a bin with probability proportional to a given function (feedback function), which…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-04-13 Mikhail Menshikov , Vadim Shcherbakov

We consider the allocation of $m$ balls (jobs) into $n$ bins (servers). In the standard Two-Choice process, at each step $t=1,2,\ldots,m$ we first sample two bins uniformly at random and place a ball in the least loaded bin. It is…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2023-01-25 Dimitrios Los , Thomas Sauerwald , John Sylvester

We provide a relatively simple proof that the expected gap between the maximum load and the average load in the two choice process is bounded by $(1+o(1))\log \log n$, irrespective of the number of balls thrown. The theorem was first proven…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2013-10-22 Kunal Talwar , Udi Wieder

In this work, we examine a generic class of simple distributed balls-into-bins algorithms. Exploiting the strong concentration bounds that apply to balls-into-bins games, we provide an iterative method to compute accurate estimates of the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2014-08-01 Pierre Bertrand , Christoph Lenzen

We explore a novel theoretical model for studying the performance of distributed storage management systems where the data-centers have limited capacities (as compared to storage space requested by the users). Prior schemes such as…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2012-06-19 Ankur Sahai

In the balanced allocations framework, there are $m$ jobs (balls) to be allocated to $n$ servers (bins). The goal is to minimize the gap, the difference between the maximum and the average load. Peres, Talwar and Wieder (RSA 2015) used the…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-01-15 Dimitrios Los , Thomas Sauerwald

We study a natural process for allocating m balls into n bins that are organized as the vertices of an undirected graph G. Balls arrive one at a time. When a ball arrives, it first chooses a vertex u in G uniformly at random. Then the ball…

Probability · Mathematics 2014-02-18 Karl Bringmann , Thomas Sauerwald , Alexandre Stauffer , He Sun