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We consider probability measures on $A^N$, the set of sequences of symbols on a finite alphabet $A$ of length $N$, that give a weight to each sequence in terms of a collection of matrices with non-negative entries and having rows and…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-01-21 Davide Gabrielli , Federica Iacovissi

We present detailed computations of the 'at least finite' terms (three dominant orders) of the free energy in a one-cut matrix model with a hard edge a, in beta-ensembles, with any polynomial potential. beta is a positive number, so not…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-05-19 Gaëtan Borot , Bertrand Eynard , Satya N. Majumdar , Céline Nadal

We establish precise upper-tail asymptotics and large deviation principles for the rightmost eigenvalue $\lambda_1$ of Wigner matrices with sub-Gaussian entries. In contrast to the case of heavier tails, where deviations of $\lambda_1$ are…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-04-16 Nicholas A. Cook , Raphael Ducatez , Alice Guionnet

Let $U_m$ be an $m \times m$ Haar unitary matrix and $U_{[m,n]}$ be its $n \times n$ truncation. In this paper the large deviation is proven for the empirical eigenvalue density of $U_{[m,n]}$ as $m/n \to \lambda $ and $n \to \infty$. The…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Denes Petz , Julia Reffy

Euclidean random matrices arise in a wide range of physical systems where interactions are determined by spatial configurations, including disordered media and cooperative phenomena in atomic ensembles. Unlike classical random matrix…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-05-08 Pasquale Casaburi , Pierpaolo Vivo

We prove a large deviation result for a random symmetric n x n matrix with independent identically distributed entries to have a few eigenvalues of size n. If the spectrum S survives when the matrix is rescaled by a factor of n, it can only…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-04-22 Sourav Chatterjee , S. R. S. Varadhan

Large random matrices appear in different fields of mathematics and physics such as combinatorics, probability theory, statistics, operator theory, number theory, quantum field theory, string theory etc... In the last ten years, they…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Alice Guionnet

In this text, we consider an N by N random matrix X such that all but o(N) rows of X have W non identically zero entries, the other rows having lass than $W$ entries (such as, for example, standard or cyclic band matrices). We always…

Probability · Mathematics 2014-01-21 Florent Benaych-Georges , Sandrine Péché

The current work applies some recent combinatorial tools due to Jain to control the eigenvalue gaps of a matrix $M_n = M + N_n$ where $M$ is deterministic, symmetric with large operator norm and $N_n$ is a random symmetric matrix with…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-11-02 Kyle Luh , Ryan Vogel , Alan Yu

Random matrices have played an important role in many fields including machine learning, quantum information theory and optimization. One of the main research focuses is on the deviation inequalities for eigenvalues of random matrices.…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-10-18 Xianjie Gao , Chao Zhang , Hongwei Zhang

We consider random matrices of the form $H_N=A_N+U_N B_N U^*_N$, where $A_N$, $B_N$ are two $N$ by $N$ deterministic Hermitian matrices and $U_N$ is a Haar distributed random unitary matrix. We establish a universal Central Limit Theorem…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-08-20 Zhigang Bao , Kevin Schnelli , Yuanyuan Xu

Consider the matrix $\Sigma_n = n^{-1/2} X_n D_n^{1/2} + P_n$ where the matrix $X_n \in \C^{N\times n}$ has Gaussian standard independent elements, $D_n$ is a deterministic diagonal nonnegative matrix, and $P_n$ is a deterministic matrix…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-01-23 Francois Chapon , Romain Couillet , Walid Hachem , Xavier Mestre

Consider the random matrix model $A^{1/2} UBU^* A^{1/2},$ where $A$ and $B$ are two $N \times N$ deterministic matrices and $U$ is either an $N \times N$ Haar unitary or orthogonal random matrix. It is well-known that on the macroscopic…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-07-07 Xiucai Ding , Hong Chang Ji

In this paper two independent and unitarily invariant projection matrices P(N) and Q(N) are considered and the large deviation is proven for the eigenvalue density of all polynomials of them as the matrix size $N$ converges to infinity. The…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2007-05-23 F. Hiai , D. Petz

Consider a random symmetric matrix with i.i.d.~entries on and above its diagonal that are products of Bernoulli random variables and random variables with sub-Gaussian tails. Such a matrix will be called a sparse Wigner matrix and can be…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-04-27 Fanny Augeri , Anirban Basak

One of the great miracles of random matrix theory is that, in the $N \to \infty$ limit, many otherwise intractable matrix problems with horrendously complicated finite-$N$ expressions admit remarkably simple and elegant asymptotic…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2026-05-15 Pierre Bousseyroux , Marc Potters

We consider the Gaussian beta-ensemble when $\beta$ scales with $n$ the number of particles such that $\displaystyle{{n}^{-1}\ll \beta\ll 1}$. Under a certain regime for $\beta$, we show that the largest particle satisfies a large…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-04-16 Cambyse Pakzad

We prove a large deviation principle for the largest singular value of sparse non-Hermitian random matrices, or directed Erd\H{o}s-R\'enyi networks in the constant average degree regime $p =\frac{d}{n}$ where $d$ is fixed. Entries are…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-06-18 Hyungwon Han

We present an analytical technique to compute the probability of rare events in which the largest eigenvalue of a random matrix is atypically large (i.e.\ the right tail of its large deviations). The results also transfer to the left tail…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-05-26 Antoine Maillard

We consider random hermitian matrices in which distant above-diagonal entries are independent but nearby entries may be correlated. We find the limit of the empirical distribution of eigenvalues by combinatorial methods. We also prove that…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-10-21 Greg Anderson , Ofer Zeitouni