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Anomaly and outlier detection is a long-standing problem in machine learning. In some cases, anomaly detection is easy, such as when data are drawn from well-characterized distributions such as the Gaussian. However, when data occupy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-24 Najib Ishaq , Thomas J. Howard , Noah M. Daniels

Anomaly detection is crucial for understanding unusual behaviors in data, as anomalies offer valuable insights. This paper introduces Dependency-based Anomaly Detection (DepAD), a general framework that utilizes variable dependencies to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Sha Lu , Lin Liu , Kui Yu , Thuc Duy Le , Jixue Liu , Jiuyong Li

Semi-supervised graph anomaly detection (GAD) utilizes a small set of labeled normal nodes to identify abnormal nodes from a large set of unlabeled nodes in a graph. Current methods in this line posit that 1) normal nodes share a similar…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Guoguo Ai , Hezhe Qiao , Hui Yan , Guansong Pang

This survey paper presents a comprehensive and conceptual overview of anomaly detection using dynamic graphs. We focus on existing graph-based anomaly detection (AD) techniques and their applications to dynamic networks. The contributions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Ocheme Anthony Ekle , William Eberle

Anomaly detection (AD) is increasingly recognized as a key component for ensuring the resilience of future communication systems. While deep learning has shown state-of-the-art AD performance, its application in critical systems is hindered…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Lukas Schynol , Marius Pesavento

Given the current point-to-point navigation capabilities of autonomous vehicles, researchers are looking into complex service requests that require the vehicles to visit multiple points of interest. In this paper, we develop a layered…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-10-06 Yan Ding , Cheng Cui , Xiaohan Zhang , Shiqi Zhang

Anomaly detection is crucial to ensure the security of cyber-physical systems (CPS). However, due to the increasing complexity of CPSs and more sophisticated attacks, conventional anomaly detection methods, which face the growing volume of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-01-20 Yuan Luo , Ya Xiao , Long Cheng , Guojun Peng , Danfeng Daphne Yao

In many real-world AD applications including computer security and fraud prevention, the anomaly detector must be configurable by the human analyst to minimize the effort on false positives. One important way to configure the detector is by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-15 Shubhomoy Das , Md Rakibul Islam , Nitthilan Kannappan Jayakodi , Janardhan Rao Doppa

The natural combination of intricate topological structures and rich textual information in text-attributed graphs (TAGs) opens up a novel perspective for graph anomaly detection (GAD). However, existing GAD methods primarily focus on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Yiming Xu , Jiarun Chen , Zhen Peng , Zihan Chen , Qika Lin , Lan Ma , Bin Shi , Bo Dong

Unsupervised graph representation learning aims to learn low-dimensional node embeddings without supervision while preserving graph topological structures and node attributive features. Previous graph neural networks (GNN) require a large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-04 Yanqiao Zhu , Yichen Xu , Feng Yu , Shu Wu , Liang Wang

Detecting anomalies in large complex systems is a critical and challenging task. The difficulties arise from several aspects. First, collecting ground truth labels or prior knowledge for anomalies is hard in real-world systems, which often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-01 Huiling Qin , Xianyuan Zhan , Yu Zheng

In the domain of anomaly detection, methods often excel in either high-level semantic or low-level industrial benchmarks, rarely achieving cross-domain proficiency. Semantic anomalies are novelties that differ in meaning from the training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Luc P. J. Sträter , Mohammadreza Salehi , Efstratios Gavves , Cees G. M. Snoek , Yuki M. Asano

Unified anomaly detection (AD) is one of the most challenges for anomaly detection, where one unified model is trained with normal samples from multiple classes with the objective to detect anomalies in these classes. For such a challenging…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Xincheng Yao , Ruoqi Li , Zefeng Qian , Lu Wang , Chongyang Zhang

Anomaly detection is a ubiquitous and challenging task relevant across many disciplines. With the vital role communication networks play in our daily lives, the security of these networks is imperative for smooth functioning of society. To…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Gopikrishna Rathinavel , Nikhil Muralidhar , Timothy O'Shea , Naren Ramakrishnan

Video anomaly detection (VAD) mainly refers to identifying anomalous events that have not occurred in the training set where only normal samples are available. Existing works usually formulate VAD as a reconstruction or prediction problem.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-17 Yue Lu , Congqi Cao , Yanning Zhang

Unsupervised anomaly detection with localization has many practical applications when labeling is infeasible and, moreover, when anomaly examples are completely missing in the train data. While recently proposed models for such data setup…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-28 Denis Gudovskiy , Shun Ishizaka , Kazuki Kozuka

Accounting for the increased concern for public safety, automatic abnormal event detection and recognition in a surveillance scene is crucial. It is a current open study subject because of its intricacy and utility. The identification of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Anikeit Sethi , Krishanu Saini , Sai Mounika Mididoddi

We propose HyGLAD, a novel algorithm that automatically builds a set of interpretable patterns that model event data. These patterns can then be used to detect event-based anomalies in a stationary system, where any deviation from past…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Margarida Ferreira , Victor Nicolet , Luan Pham , Joey Dodds , Daniel Kroening , Ines Lynce , Ruben Martins

With the increase in the learning capability of deep convolution-based architectures, various applications of such models have been proposed over time. In the field of anomaly detection, improvements in deep learning opened new prospects of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-25 Jin-Ha Lee , Marcella Astrid , Muhammad Zaigham Zaheer , Seung-Ik Lee

In this work, we present OCLADS, a novel communication framework with continual learning (CL) for Internet of Things (IoT) anomaly detection (AD) when operating in non-stationary environments. As the statistical properties of the observed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Matea Marinova , Shashi Raj Pandey , Junya Shiraishi , Martin Voigt Vejling , Valentin Rakovic , Petar Popovski