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Amongst quantum error-correcting codes the surface code has remained of particular promise as it has local and very low-weight checks, even despite only encoding a single logical qubit no matter the lattice size. In this work we discuss new…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-27 Lane G. Gunderman

Operator quantum error correction is a recently developed theory that provides a generalized framework for active error correction and passive error avoiding schemes. In this paper, we describe these codes in the stabilizer formalism of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 David Poulin

We show an equivalence relation between fault-tolerant circuits for a stabilizer code and fault-tolerant adiabatic processes for holonomic quantum computation (HQC), in the case where quantum information is encoded in the degenerated ground…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-17 Yi-Cong Zheng , Todd A. Brun

Fault-tolerant quantum computation allows quantum computations to be carried out while resisting unwanted noise. Several error-correcting codes have been developed to achieve this task, but none alone are capable of universal quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-29 Nicholas J. C. Papadopoulos , Ramin Ayanzadeh

Decoherence of quantum states is a major hurdle towards scalable and reliable quantum computing. Lower decoherence (i.e., higher fidelity) can alleviate the error correction overhead and obviate the need for energy-intensive noise reduction…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2019-04-10 Abdullah Ash Saki , Mahabubul Alam , Swaroop Ghosh

We apply a dynamical systems approach to concatenation of quantum error correcting codes, extending and generalizing the results of Rahn et al. [1] to both diagonal and nondiagonal channels. Our point of view is global: instead of focusing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Jesse Fern , Julia Kempe , Slobodan Simic , Shankar Sastry

Modular architectures are a promising approach to scaling quantum computers to fault tolerance. Small, low-noise quantum processors connected through relatively noisy quantum links are capable of fault-tolerant operation as long as the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-16 Trond Hjerpekjøn Haug , Timo Hillmann , Anton Frisk Kockum , Raphaël Van Laer

Coherent errors, and especially those that occur in correlation among a set of qubits, are detrimental for large-scale quantum computing. Correlations in noise can occur as a result of spatial and temporal configurations of instructions…

We address the task of verifying whether a quantum computer, designed to be protected by a specific stabilizer code, correctly encodes the corresponding logical qubits. To achieve this, we develop a general framework for subspace…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-10 Congcong Zheng , Xutao Yu , Zaichen Zhang , Ping Xu , Kun Wang

Analog models of quantum information processing, such as adiabatic quantum computation and analog quantum simulation, require the ability to subject a system to precisely specified Hamiltonians. Unfortunately, the hardware used to implement…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-02-25 Kevin C. Young , Robin Blume-Kohout , Daniel A. Lidar

Descriptions of quantum algorithms, communication etc. protocols assume the existence of closed quantum system. However, real life quantum systems are open and are highly sensitive to errors. Hence error correction is of utmost importance…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-09-15 Ritajit Majumdar , Saikat Basu , Priyanka Mukhopadhyay , Susmita Sur-Kolay

Quantum error correcting (QEC) codes protect quantum information against environmental noise. Computational errors caused by the environment change the quantum state within the qubit subspace, whereas quantum erasures correspond to the loss…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-26 Luis Colmenarez , Seyong Kim , Markus Müller

Stabilizer codes lie at the heart of modern quantum-error-correcting codes (QECC). Of particular importance is a class called Calderbank-Shor-Steane (CSS) codes, which includes many important examples such as toric codes, color codes, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-08 Ryotaro Niwa , Jong Yeon Lee

Quantum states are very delicate, so it is likely some sort of quantum error correction will be necessary to build reliable quantum computers. The theory of quantum error-correcting codes has some close ties to and some striking differences…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-04-17 Daniel Gottesman

To make practical quantum algorithms work, large-scale quantum processors protected by error-correcting codes are required to resist noise and ensure reliable computational outcomes. However, a major challenge arises from defects in…

The demonstration of quantum error correction (QEC) is one of the most important milestones in the realization of fully-fledged quantum computers. Toward this, QEC experiments using the surface codes have recently been actively conducted.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-12 Mitsuki Katsuda , Kosuke Mitarai , Keisuke Fujii

Compared to the more widely studied Pauli errors, coherent errors present several new challenges in quantum computing and quantum error correction (QEC). For example, coherent errors may interfere constructively over a long circuit and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-08 Kathleen Chang , Qile Su , Shruti Puri

Fault-tolerant operations based on stabilizer codes are the state of the art in suppressing error rates in quantum computations. Most such codes do not permit a straightforward implementation of non-Clifford logical operations, which are…

The compass model on a square lattice provides a natural template for building subsystem stabilizer codes. The surface code and the Bacon-Shor code represent two extremes of possible codes depending on how many gauge qubits are fixed. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-06-05 Muyuan Li , Daniel Miller , Michael Newman , Yukai Wu , Kenneth R. Brown

Recently, quantum error-correcting codes were proposed that capitalize on the fact that many physical error models lead to a significant asymmetry between the probabilities for bit flip and phase flip errors. An example for a channel which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-11-17 Pradeep Kiran Sarvepalli , Martin Roetteler , Andreas Klappenecker