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The on-line choice number of a graph is a variation of the choice number defined through a two person game. It is at least as large as the choice number for all graphs and is strictly larger for some graphs. In particular, there are graphs…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-12-07 Jakub Kozik , Piotr Micek , Xuding Zhu

Let $G$ be a plane graph with outer cycle $C$ and let $(L(v):v\in V(G))$ be a family of sets such that $|L(v)|\ge 5$ for every $v\in V(G)$. By an $L$-coloring of a subgraph $J$ of $G$ we mean a (proper) coloring $\phi$ of $J$ such that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-03-28 Luke Postle , Robin Thomas

A $k$-deck of a (coloured) graph is a multiset of its induced $k$-vertex subgraphs. Given a graph $G$, when is it possible to reconstruct with high probability a uniformly random colouring of its vertices in $r$ colours from its $k$-deck?…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-11-14 Yury Demidovich , Yaroslav Panichkin , Maksim Zhukovskii

An {\it odd $c$-coloring} of a graph is a proper $c$-coloring such that each non-isolated vertex has a color appearing an odd number of times on its neighborhood. This concept was introduced very recently by Petru\v sevski and \v Skrekovski…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-12-26 Eun-Kyung Cho , Ilkyoo Choi , Hyemin Kwon , Boram Park

For a non-negative integer $k$, a vertex cut in a graph is $k$-degenerate if it induces a $k$-degenerate subgraph. We show that a graph of order $n$ at least $2k+2$ without a $k$-degenerate cut has the size at least…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-01-06 Thilo Hartel , Johannes Rauch , Dieter Rautenbach

The proper conflict-free chromatic number, $\chi_{pcf}(G)$, of a graph $G$ is the least $k$ such that $G$ has a proper $k$-coloring in which for each non-isolated vertex there is a color appearing exactly once among its neighbors. The…

We discuss the problem of embedding graphs in the plane with restrictions on the vertex mapping. In particular, we introduce a technique for drawing planar graphs with a fixed vertex mapping that bounds the number of times edges bend. An…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2012-06-05 Taylor Gordon

Let $H$ be a triple system with maximum degree $d>1$ and let $r>10^7\sqrt{d}\log^{2}d$. Then $H$ has a proper vertex coloring with $r$ colors such that any two color classes differ in size by at most one. The bound on $r$ is sharp in order…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-05-25 Hal Kierstead , Dhruv Mubayi

For a graph $G$, the $k$-colouring graph of $G$ has vertices corresponding to proper $k$-colourings of $G$ and edges between colourings that differ at a single vertex. The graph supports the Glauber dynamics Markov chain for $k$-colourings,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-03-01 Emma Hogan , Alex Scott , Youri Tamitegama , Jane Tan

Let $G$ be an edge-coloured graph. The minimum colour degree $\delta^c(G)$ of $G$ is the largest integer $k$ such that, for every vertex $v$, there are at least $k$ distinct colours on edges incident to $v$. We say that $G$ is properly…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-08-14 Allan Lo

We present a necessary and sufficient condition for a graph of odd-girth $2k+1$ to bound the class of $K_4$-minor-free graphs of odd-girth (at least) $2k+1$, that is, to admit a homomorphism from any such $K_4$-minor-free graph. This yields…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-01-31 Laurent Beaudou , Florent Foucaud , Reza Naserasr

In this paper, we consider coloring of graphs under the assumption that some vertices are already colored. Let $G$ be an $r$-colorable graph and let $P\subset V(G)$. Albertson [J.\ Combin.\ Theory Ser. B \textbf{73} (1998), 189--194] has…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-08-15 Chihoko Ojima , Akira Saito , Kazuki Sano

A matching $M$ in a graph $G$ is $r$-degenerate if the subgraph of $G$ induced by the set of vertices incident with an edge in $M$ is $r$-degenerate. Goddard, Hedetniemi, Hedetniemi, and Laskar (Generalized subgraph-restricted matchings in…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-02-09 Julien Baste , Dieter Rautenbach

Hadwiger's Conjecture states that every graph with chromatic number $k$ contains a complete graph on $k$ vertices as a minor. This conjecture is a tremendous strengthening of the Four-Colour Theorem and is regarded as one of the most…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-23 Jofre Costa , Eric Luu , David R. Wood , Jung Hon Yip

For a fixed graph $H$, what is the smallest number of colours $C$ such that there is a proper edge-colouring of the complete graph $K_n$ with $C$ colours containing no two vertex-disjoint colour-isomorphic copies, or repeats, of $H$? We…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-06-28 David Conlon , Mykhaylo Tyomkyn

In \cite{reed97}, Reed conjectures that the inequality $\chi (G) \leq \left \lceil \textstyle {1/2} (\omega (G) + \Delta (G) + 1) \right \rceil$ holds for any graph $G$. We prove this holds for a graph $G$ if $\bar{G}$ is disconnected. From…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 landon rabern

It was conjectured by the third author in about 1973 that every $d$-regular planar graph (possibly with parallel edges) can be $d$-edge-coloured, provided that for every odd set $X$ of vertices, there are at least $d$ edges between $X$ and…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2012-09-07 Maria Chudnovsky , Katherine Edwards , Paul Seymour

We present results on partitioning the vertices of $2$-edge-colored graphs into monochromatic paths and cycles. We prove asymptotically the two-color case of a conjecture of S\'ark\"ozy: the vertex set of every $2$-edge-colored graph can be…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-09-21 Jozsef Balogh , Janos Barat , Daniel Gerbner , Andras Gyarfas , GAbor N. Sarkozy

Let $G$ be a graph with $n$ vertices, $m$ edges, average degree $\delta$, and maximum degree $\Delta$. The "oriented chromatic number" of $G$ is the maximum, taken over all orientations of $G$, of the minimum number of colours in a proper…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2008-09-09 David R. Wood

Petru\v{s}evski and \v{S}krekovski \cite{odd9} recently introduced the notion of an odd colouring of a graph: a proper vertex colouring of a graph $G$ is said to be \emph{odd} if for each non-isolated vertex $x \in V(G)$ there exists a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-03-20 Jan Petr , Julien Portier