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Long document question answering (DocQA) aims to answer questions from long documents over 10k words. They usually contain content structures such as sections, sub-sections, and paragraph demarcations. However, the indexing methods of long…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-24 Kuicai Dong , Derrick Goh Xin Deik , Yi Quan Lee , Hao Zhang , Xiangyang Li , Cong Zhang , Yong Liu

We propose a novel open-domain question answering (ODQA) framework for answering single/multi-hop questions across heterogeneous knowledge sources. The key novelty of our method is the introduction of the intermediary modules into the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Kaixin Ma , Hao Cheng , Xiaodong Liu , Eric Nyberg , Jianfeng Gao

Existing open-domain question answering (QA) models are not suitable for real-time usage because they need to process several long documents on-demand for every input query. In this paper, we introduce the query-agnostic indexable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-17 Minjoon Seo , Jinhyuk Lee , Tom Kwiatkowski , Ankur P. Parikh , Ali Farhadi , Hannaneh Hajishirzi

Open-domain question answering (OpenQA) is an important branch of textual QA which discovers answers for the given questions based on a large number of unstructured documents. Effectively mining correct answers from the open-domain sources…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-04 Tingting Liang , Yixuan Jiang , Congying Xia , Ziqiang Zhao , Yuyu Yin , Philip S. Yu

Open-domain table question answering aims to provide answers to a question by retrieving and extracting information from a large collection of tables. Existing studies of open-domain table QA either directly adopt text retrieval methods or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-20 Nengzheng Jin , Dongfang Li , Junying Chen , Joanna Siebert , Qingcai Chen

Retrieval augmented language models have recently become the standard for knowledge intensive tasks. Rather than relying purely on latent semantics within the parameters of large neural models, these methods enlist a semi-parametric memory…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-24 Wenhu Chen , Pat Verga , Michiel de Jong , John Wieting , William Cohen

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) by incorporating external knowledge. However, LLMs still encounter challenges in effectively utilizing the knowledge from retrieved documents,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Mingyan Wu , Zhenghao Liu , Yukun Yan , Xinze Li , Shi Yu , Zheni Zeng , Yu Gu , Ge Yu

Tables extracted from web documents can be used to directly answer many web search queries. Previous works on question answering (QA) using web tables have focused on factoid queries, i.e., those answerable with a short string like person…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-01-13 Kaushik Chakrabarti , Zhimin Chen , Siamak Shakeri , Guihong Cao

The task of answer retrieval in the legal domain aims to help users to seek relevant legal advice from massive amounts of professional responses. Two main challenges hinder applying existing answer retrieval approaches in other domains to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-01-11 Arian Askari , Zihui Yang , Zhaochun Ren , Suzan Verberne

Recent pretrained language models "solved" many reading comprehension benchmarks, where questions are written with access to the evidence document. However, datasets containing information-seeking queries where evidence documents are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Akari Asai , Eunsol Choi

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is a promising method for addressing some of the memory-related challenges associated with Large Language Models (LLMs). Two separate systems form the RAG pipeline, the retriever and the reader, and the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-13 Alexandria Leto , Cecilia Aguerrebere , Ishwar Bhati , Ted Willke , Mariano Tepper , Vy Ai Vo

Ranking models play a crucial role in enhancing overall accuracy of text retrieval systems. These multi-stage systems typically utilize either dense embedding models or sparse lexical indices to retrieve relevant passages based on a given…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Gabriel de Souza P. Moreira , Ronay Ak , Benedikt Schifferer , Mengyao Xu , Radek Osmulski , Even Oldridge

Developing methods for extracting relevant legal information to aid legal practitioners is an active research area. In this regard, research efforts are being made by leveraging different kinds of information, such as meta-data, citations,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-08-03 Bhoomeendra Singh Sisodiya , Narendra Babu Unnam , P. Krishna Reddy , Apala Das , K. V. K. Santhy , V. Balakista Reddy

Recent approaches to Open-domain Question Answering refer to an external knowledge base using a retriever model, optionally rerank passages with a separate reranker model and generate an answer using another reader model. Despite performing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-31 Haejun Lee , Akhil Kedia , Jongwon Lee , Ashwin Paranjape , Christopher D. Manning , Kyoung-Gu Woo

Open-domain question answering can be reformulated as a phrase retrieval problem, without the need for processing documents on-demand during inference (Seo et al., 2019). However, current phrase retrieval models heavily depend on sparse…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-03 Jinhyuk Lee , Mujeen Sung , Jaewoo Kang , Danqi Chen

With the rapid development of Large Language Models (LLMs), Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has become a predominant method in the field of professional knowledge-based question answering. Presently, major foundation model companies…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-24 Demiao Lin

Retrieval-augmented generation is increasingly used for financial question answering over long regulatory filings, yet reliability depends on retrieving the exact context needed to justify answers in high stakes settings. We study a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Amine Kobeissi , Philippe Langlais

According to common relevance-judgments regimes, such as TREC's, a document can be deemed relevant to a query even if it contains a very short passage of text with pertinent information. This fact has motivated work on passage-based…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-06-06 Eilon Sheetrit , Anna Shtok , Oren Kurland

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems address complex user requests by decomposing them into subqueries, retrieving potentially relevant documents for each, and then aggregating them to generate an answer. Efficiently selecting…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Roxana Petcu , Kenton Murray , Daniel Khashabi , Evangelos Kanoulas , Maarten de Rijke , Dawn Lawrie , Kevin Duh

This paper presents an advancement in Question-Answering (QA) systems using a Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) framework to enhance information extraction from PDF files. Recognizing the richness and diversity of data within…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Thi Thu Uyen Hoang , Meenakshi Rajendran , Kun Zhang , Yuhan Wu , Viet Anh Nguyen