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We construct optimized implementations of the CNOT and other universal two-qubit gates that, unlike many of the previously proposed protocols, are carried out in a single step. The new protocols require tunable inter-qubit couplings but, in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-29 I. A. Grigorenko , D. V. Khveshchenko

The performance of quantum gates is often assessed using some form of randomized benchmarking. However, the existing methods become infeasible for more than approximately five qubits. Here we show how to use a simple and customizable class…

Quantum computers have the potential to efficiently simulate large-scale quantum systems for which classical approaches are bound to fail. Even though several existing quantum devices now feature total qubit numbers of more than one…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-29 Hongye Yu , Yusheng Zhao , Tzu-Chieh Wei

Optimal construction of quantum operations is a fundamental problem in the realization of quantum computation. We here introduce a newly discovered quantum gate, B, that can implement any arbitrary two-qubit quantum operation with minimal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Jun Zhang , Jiri Vala , Shankar Sastry , K. Birgitta Whaley

In quantum computation every unitary operation can be decomposed into quantum circuits-a series of single-qubit rotations and a single type entangling two-qubit gates, such as controlled-NOT (CNOT) gates. Two measures are important when…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-03-07 Martin Plesch , Časlav Brukner

Implementation of high-dimensional (HD) quantum gates shows very promising perspectives for HD quantum computation. A bipartite quantum system with arbitrary dimensions $n$ and $m$ is termed a quNit-quMit. Here we propose a synthesis scheme…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-14 Gui-Long Jiang , Hai-Rui Wei

Gate-model quantum computers provide an experimentally implementable architecture for near term quantum computations. To design a reduced quantum circuit that can simulate a high complexity reference quantum circuit, an optimization should…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-09-04 Laszlo Gyongyosi , Sandor Imre

Hardware efficient transpilation of quantum circuits to a quantum devices native gateset is essential for the execution of quantum algorithms on noisy quantum computers. Typical quantum devices utilize a gateset with a single two-qubit…

Optimal implementation of quantum gates is crucial for designing a quantum computer. We consider the matrix representation of an arbitrary multiqubit gate. By ordering the basis vectors using the Gray code, we construct the quantum circuit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Juha J. Vartiainen , Mikko Mottonen , Martti M. Salomaa

Quantum computers in practice today require strict memory constraints, where 2-qubit operations can only be performed between the qubits closest to each other in a graph structure. So a quantum circuit must undergo a transformation to the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-12 Anpeng Zhang , Xiutao Feng , Shengyuan Xu

Clifford circuit optimization is an important step in the quantum compilation pipeline. Major compilers employ heuristic approaches. While they are fast, their results are often suboptimal. Minimization of noisy gates, like 2-qubit CNOT…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-02 Irfansha Shaik , Jaco van de Pol

Quantum algorithm design usually assumes access to a perfect quantum computer with ideal properties like full connectivity, noise-freedom and arbitrarily long coherence time. In Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices, however, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-11 Xiangzhen Zhou , Sanjiang Li , Yuan Feng

This tutorial offers a quick, hands-on introduction to solving Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) models on currently available quantum computers and their simulators. We cover both IBM and D-Wave machines: IBM utilizes a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-18 Arul Mazumder , Sridhar Tayur

We present quantum circuits for comparison and increment operations that achieve an asymptotically optimal gate count of $\Theta(n)$ and depth of $\Theta(\log n)$ over the Clifford+Toffoli gate set, while using a provably minimal number of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-16 Vivien Vandaele

We focus on the depth optimization of CNOT circuits on hardwares with limited connectivity. We adapt the algorithm from Kutin et al. that implements any $n$-qubit CNOT circuit in depth at most $5n$ on a Linear Nearest Neighbour (LNN)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-14 Timothée Goubault de Brugière , Simon Martiel

Currently available quantum computing hardware platforms have limited 2-qubit connectivity among their addressable qubits. In order to run a generic quantum algorithm on such a platform, one has to transform the initial logical quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-28 Beatrice Nash , Vlad Gheorghiu , Michele Mosca

Multi-controlled single-target (MC) gates are some of the most crucial building blocks for varied quantum algorithms. How to implement them optimally is thus a pivotal question. To answer this question in an architecture-independent manner,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-01 Ben Zindorf , Sougato Bose

A crucial requirement for scalable quantum-information processing is the realization of multiple-qubit quantum gates. Universal multiple-qubit gates can be implemented by a set of universal single qubit gates and any one kind of two-qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-11-20 Hai-Ou Li , Gang Cao , Guo-Dong Yu , Ming Xiao , Guang-Can Guo , Hong-Wen Jiang , Guo-Ping Guo

We investigate quantum circuits built from arbitrary single-qubit operations combined with programmable all-to-all multiqubit entangling gates that are native to, among other systems, trapped-ion quantum computing platforms. We report a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-24 Jonathan Nemirovsky , Lee Peleg , Amit Ben Kish , Yotam Shapira

We give quantum circuits that simulate an arbitrary two-qubit unitary operator up to global phase. For several quantum gate libraries we prove that gate counts are optimal in worst and average cases. Our lower and upper bounds compare…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-29 Vivek V. Shende , Igor L. Markov , Stephen S. Bullock