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Related papers: Complexity of Training ReLU Neural Network

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We study the role of depth in training randomly initialized overparameterized neural networks. We give a general result showing that depth improves trainability of neural networks by improving the conditioning of certain kernel matrices of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-18 Naman Agarwal , Pranjal Awasthi , Satyen Kale

We present polynomial time and sample efficient algorithms for learning an unknown depth-2 feedforward neural network with general ReLU activations, under mild non-degeneracy assumptions. In particular, we consider learning an unknown…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-03 Pranjal Awasthi , Alex Tang , Aravindan Vijayaraghavan

Understanding the fundamental principles behind the success of deep neural networks is one of the most important open questions in the current literature. To this end, we study the training problem of deep neural networks and introduce an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-27 Tolga Ergen , Mert Pilanci

ReLU neural networks define piecewise linear functions of their inputs. However, initializing and training a neural network is very different from fitting a linear spline. In this paper, we expand empirically upon previous theoretical work…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-11-30 Kevin K. Chen , Anthony Gamst , Alden Walker

Given a neural network, training data, and a threshold, it was known that it is NP-hard to find weights for the neural network such that the total error is below the threshold. We determine the algorithmic complexity of this fundamental…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2021-11-22 Mikkel Abrahamsen , Linda Kleist , Tillmann Miltzow

We investigate the implications of removing bias in ReLU networks regarding their expressivity and learning dynamics. We first show that two-layer bias-free ReLU networks have limited expressivity: the only odd function two-layer bias-free…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Yedi Zhang , Andrew Saxe , Peter E. Latham

Training neural networks which are robust to adversarial attacks remains an important problem in deep learning, especially as heavily overparameterized models are adopted in safety-critical settings. Drawing from recent work which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Daniel Kuelbs , Sanjay Lall , Mert Pilanci

We study the realization map of deep ReLU networks, focusing on when a function determines its parameters up to scaling and permutation. To analyze hidden redundancies beyond these standard symmetries, we introduce a framework based on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Moritz Grillo , Guido Montúfar

Deep learning empirically achieves high performance in many applications, but its training dynamics has not been fully understood theoretically. In this paper, we explore theoretical analysis on training two-layer ReLU neural networks in a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-06-30 Shunta Akiyama , Taiji Suzuki

Adversarial training is a widely used strategy for making neural networks resistant to adversarial perturbations. For a neural network of width $m$, $n$ input training data in $d$ dimension, it takes $\Omega(mnd)$ time cost per training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-11 Yeqi Gao , Lianke Qin , Zhao Song , Yitan Wang

We describe the convex semi-infinite dual of the two-layer vector-output ReLU neural network training problem. This semi-infinite dual admits a finite dimensional representation, but its support is over a convex set which is difficult to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-22 Arda Sahiner , Tolga Ergen , John Pauly , Mert Pilanci

We study the training of deep neural networks by gradient descent where floating-point arithmetic is used to compute the gradients. In this framework and under realistic assumptions, we demonstrate that it is highly unlikely to find ReLU…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-16 Clemens Karner , Vladimir Kazeev , Philipp Christian Petersen

We define the local complexity of a neural network with continuous piecewise linear activations as a measure of the density of linear regions over an input data distribution. We show theoretically that ReLU networks that learn…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Niket Patel , Guido Montufar

Each year, deep learning demonstrates new and improved empirical results with deeper and wider neural networks. Meanwhile, with existing theoretical frameworks, it is difficult to analyze networks deeper than two layers without resorting to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Hong Jun Jeon , Yifan Zhu , Benjamin Van Roy

Neural networks have recently become popular for a wide variety of uses, but have seen limited application in safety-critical domains such as robotics near and around humans. This is because it remains an open challenge to train a neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-19 Long Kiu Chung , Adam Dai , Derek Knowles , Shreyas Kousik , Grace X. Gao

The slow convergence rate and pathological curvature issues of first-order gradient methods for training deep neural networks, initiated an ongoing effort for developing faster $\mathit{second}$-$\mathit{order}$ optimization algorithms…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-10 Jan van den Brand , Binghui Peng , Zhao Song , Omri Weinstein

We study the problem of learning one-hidden-layer neural networks with Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) activation function, where the inputs are sampled from standard Gaussian distribution and the outputs are generated from a noisy teacher…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-06-21 Xiao Zhang , Yaodong Yu , Lingxiao Wang , Quanquan Gu

Deep Q-learning based algorithms have been applied successfully in many decision making problems, while their theoretical foundations are not as well understood. In this paper, we study a Fitted Q-Iteration with two-layer ReLU neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-01 Mudit Gaur , Vaneet Aggarwal , Mridul Agarwal

Neural networks with ReLU activation play a key role in modern machine learning. Understanding the functions represented by ReLU networks is a major topic in current research as this enables a better interpretability of learning processes.…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Vincent Froese , Moritz Grillo , Martin Skutella

The NP-hard problem of optimizing a shallow ReLU network can be characterized as a combinatorial search over each training example's activation pattern followed by a constrained convex problem given a fixed set of activation patterns. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-04 Michael Matena , Colin Raffel