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A graph labeling assigns values to the components of a graph (vertices, edges, etc.). In particular, distance magic labelings have been widely studied in undirected graphs. In such a labeling, the vertices are labeled with unique values…

The paper presents fault-tolerant (FT) labeling schemes for general graphs, as well as, improved FT routing schemes. For a given $n$-vertex graph $G$ and a bound $f$ on the number of faults, an $f$-FT connectivity labeling scheme is a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-06-02 Michal Dory , Merav Parter

Labeling schemes seek to assign a short label to each node in a network, so that a function on two nodes can be computed by examining their labels alone. For the particular case of trees, optimal bounds (up to low order terms) were recently…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-05-16 Ofer Freedman , Paweł Gawrychowski , Patrick K. Nicholson , Oren Weimann

A fault-tolerant distance labeling scheme assigns a label to each vertex and edge of an undirected weighted graph $G$ with $n$ vertices so that, for any edge set $F$ of size $|F| \leq f$, one can approximate the distance between $p$ and $q$…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Bernhard Haeupler , Yaowei Long , Antti Roeyskoe , Thatchaphol Saranurak

The graph exploration problem is to visit all the nodes of a connected graph by a mobile entity, e.g., a robot. The robot has no a priori knowledge of the topology of the graph or of its size. Cohen et al. \cite{Ilcinkas08} introduced label…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2012-05-01 Meng Zhang , Yi Zhang , Jijun Tang

The problem of Distance Edge Labeling is a variant of Distance Vertex Labeling (also known as $L_{2,1}$ labeling) that has been studied for more than twenty years and has many applications, such as frequency assignment. The Distance Edge…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2022-03-17 Dušan Knop , Tomáš Masařík

Boundary labeling is a well-known method for displaying short textual labels for a set of point features in a figure alongside the boundary of that figure. Labels and their corresponding points are connected via crossing-free leaders. We…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2024-09-06 Annika Bonerath , Martin Nöllenburg , Soeren Terziadis , Markus Wallinger , Jules Wulms

Answering exact shortest path distance queries is a fundamental task in graph theory. Despite a tremendous amount of research on the subject, there is still no satisfactory solution that can scale to billion-scale complex networks.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-02-18 Muhammad Farhan , Qing Wang , Yu Lin , Brendan Mckay

Distance labeling is a preprocessing technique introduced by Peleg [Journal of Graph Theory, 33(3)] to speed up distance queries in large networks. Herein, each vertex receives a (short) label and, the distance between two vertices can be…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2014-08-01 Mathias Weller

We study the problem of computing the diameter and the mean distance of a continuous graph, i.e., a connected graph where all points along the edges, instead of only the vertices, must be taken into account. It is known that for continuous…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Sergio Cabello , Delia Garijo , Antonia Kalb , Fabian Klute , Irene Parada , Rodrigo I. Silveira

We present a labeling scheme that assigns labels of size $\tilde O(1)$ to the vertices of a directed weighted planar graph $G$, such that for any fixed $\varepsilon>0$ from the labels of any three vertices $s$, $t$ and $f$ one can determine…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Itai Boneh , Shiri Chechik , Shay Golan , Shay Mozes , Oren Weimann

Let $S \subset \mathbb{R}^2$ be a set of $n$ sites. The unit disk graph $\text{UD}(S)$ on $S$ has vertex set $S$ and an edge between two distinct sites $s,t \in S$ if and only if $s$ and $t$ have Euclidean distance $|st| \leq 1$. A routing…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2018-02-13 Haim Kaplan , Wolfgang Mulzer , Liam Roditty , Paul Seiferth

We study the problem of point-to-point distance querying for massive scale-free graphs, which is important for numerous applications. Given a directed or undirected graph, we propose to build an index for answering such queries based on a…

Databases · Computer Science 2014-05-05 Minhao Jiang , Ada Wai-Chee Fu , Raymond Chi-Wing Wong , Yanyan Xu

In a labeling scheme the vertices of a given graph from a particular class are assigned short labels such that adjacency can be algorithmically determined from these labels. A representation of a graph from that class is given by the set of…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2018-02-09 Maurice Chandoo

We investigate adjacency labeling schemes for graphs of bounded degree $\Delta = O(1)$. In particular, we present an optimal (up to an additive constant) $\log n + O(1)$ adjacency labeling scheme for bounded degree trees. The latter scheme…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2014-04-03 David Adjiashvili , Noy Rotbart

In this paper we look at the problem of adjacency labeling of graphs. Given a family of undirected graphs the problem is to determine an encoding-decoding scheme for each member of the family such that we can decode the adjacency…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2022-01-27 Avah Banerjee

The space-requirement for routing-tables is an important characteristic of routing schemes. For the cost-measure of minimizing the total network load there exist a variety of results that show tradeoffs between stretch and required size for…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-01-12 Philipp Czerner , Harald Räcke

Given an undirected $n$-vertex planar graph $G=(V,E,\omega)$ with non-negative edge weight function $\omega:E\rightarrow \mathbb R$ and given an assigned label to each vertex, a vertex-labeled distance oracle is a data structure which for…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-10-04 Jacob Evald , Viktor Fredslund-Hansen , Christian Wulff-Nilsen

An adjacency labeling scheme is a method that assigns labels to the vertices of a graph such that adjacency between vertices can be inferred directly from the assigned label, without using a centralized data structure. We devise adjacency…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2015-02-16 Casper Petersen , Noy Rotbart , Jakob Grue Simonsen , Christian Wulff-Nilsen

We show that there exists an adjacency labelling scheme for planar graphs where each vertex of an $n$-vertex planar graph $G$ is assigned a $(1+o(1))\log_2 n$-bit label and the labels of two vertices $u$ and $v$ are sufficient to determine…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-12-03 Vida Dujmović , Louis Esperet , Gwenaël Joret , Cyril Gavoille , Piotr Micek , Pat Morin