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Storage scalability is paramount in the era of big data blockchain. A storage-scalable blockchain can effectively scale out state storage to an arbitrary number of nodes and reduce the storage pressure on each, similar to distributed…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Guangda Sun , Jialin Li

Blockchain Sharding is a blockchain performance enhancement approach. By splitting a blockchain into several parallel-run committees (shards), it helps increase transaction throughput, reduce computational resources required, and increase…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-02-06 Yibin Xu , Jianhua Shao , Yangyu Huang , Tijs Slaats , Boris Düdder

Sharding is a technique to speed up transaction processing in blockchains, where the $n$ processing nodes in the blockchain are divided into $s$ disjoint groups (shards) that can process transactions in parallel. We study dynamic scheduling…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Ramesh Adhikari , Costas Busch , Miroslav Popovic

Blockchain is a distributed ledger with wide applications. Due to the increasing storage requirement for blockchains, the computation can be afforded by only a few miners. Sharding has been proposed to scale blockchains so that storage and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-11-13 Divija Swetha Gadiraju , V. Lalitha , Vaneet Aggarwal

For permissionless blockchains, scalability is paramount. While current technologies still fail to address this problem fully, many research works propose sharding or other techniques that extensively adopt parallel processing of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-12-23 Andrea Mariani , Gianluca Mariani , Diego Pennino , Maurizio Pizzonia

We present SmartShards: a new sharding algorithm for improving Byzantine tolerance and churn resistance in blockchains. Our algorithm places a peer in multiple shards to create an overlap. This simplifies cross-shard communication and shard…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Joseph Oglio , Mikhail Nesterenko , Gokarna Sharma

This thesis introduces a formal general framework for scaling blockchain protocols by sharding. The framework is modular and it can be adjusted for different needs or sets of assumptions. We prove that sharded protocols obtained by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-09-04 Zuphit Fidelman

Blockchain-based federated learning has gained significant interest over the last few years with the increasing concern for data privacy, advances in machine learning, and blockchain innovation. However, gaps in security and scalability…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-04-05 Evan Madill , Ben Nguyen , Carson K. Leung , Sara Rouhani

Blockchain technology facilitates the development of decentralized systems that ensure trust and transparency without the need for expensive centralized intermediaries. However, existing blockchain architectures particularly consortium…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Qi Xia , Hu Xia , Isaac Amankona Obiri , Adjei-Arthur Bonsu , Grace Mupoyi Ntuala , Ansu Badjie , Tienin Bole Wilfried , Jiaqin Liu , Lan Ma , Jianbin Gao , Feng Yao

Supply chain traceability refers to product tracking from the source to customers, demanding transparency, authenticity, and high efficiency. In recent years, blockchain has been widely adopted in supply chain traceability to provide…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Hanqing Wu , Shan Jiang , Jiannong Cao

Blockchain uses the idea of storing transaction data in the form of a distributed ledger wherein each node in the network stores a current copy of the sequence of transactions in the form of a hash chain. This requirement of storing the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-01-09 Ravi Kiran Raman , Lav R. Varshney

Log management is crucial for ensuring the security, integrity, and compliance of modern information systems. Traditional log management solutions face challenges in achieving tamper-proofing, scalability, and real-time processing in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Md Shariful Islam , M. Sohel Rahman

Integrating sharded blockchain with IoT presents a solution for trust issues and optimized data flow. Sharding boosts blockchain scalability by dividing its nodes into parallel shards, yet it's vulnerable to the $1\%$ attacks where…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-02 Zixu Zhang , Guangsheng Yu , Caijun Sun , Xu Wang , Ying Wang , Ming Zhang , Wei Ni , Ren Ping Liu , Andrew Reeves , Nektarios Georgalas

Sharding is a promising blockchain scaling solution. But it currently suffers from high latency and low throughput when it comes to cross-shard transactions, i.e., transactions that require coordination from multiple shards. The root cause…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-02-01 Sourav Das , Vinith Krishnan , Ling Ren

This thesis proposes techniques aiming to make blockchain technologies and smart contract platforms practical by improving their scalability, latency, and privacy. This thesis starts by presenting the design and implementation of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-02-25 Alberto Sonnino

Sharding has emerged as a key technique to address blockchain scalability by partitioning the ledger into multiple shards that process transactions in parallel. Although this approach improves throughput, static or heuristic shard…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-26 M. Zeeshan Haider , Tayyaba Noreen , M. D. Assuncao , Kaiwen Zhang

Sharding is used to improve the scalability and performance of blockchain systems. We investigate the stability of blockchain sharding, where transactions are continuously generated by an adversarial model. The system consists of $n$…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Ramesh Adhikari , Costas Busch , Dariusz R. Kowalski

One of the scalability issues of blockchains is the increase of their sizes which can prevent users from storing them and thus from contributing to the decentralization effort. Recent works developed the concept of coded blockchains, which…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-10-12 Doriane Perard , Xavier Goffin , Jérôme Lacan

Existing blockchain sharding protocols have focused on eliminating imbalanced workload distributions. However, even with workload balance, disparities in processing capabilities can lead to differential stress among shards, resulting in…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Xinpeng Huang , Wanqing Jie , Shiwen Zhang , Haofu Yang , Wangjie Qiu , Qinnan Zhang , Huawei Huang , Zehui Xiong , Shaoting Tang , Hongwei Zheng , Zhiming Zheng

Sharding has emerged as a critical solution to address the scalability challenges faced by blockchain networks, enabling them to achieve higher transaction throughput, reduced latency, and optimized resource usage. This paper investigates…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Ziwei Wang , Cong Wu , Paolo Tasca