Related papers: The differential build-up factor
The behaviour of the pion transition form factor for the process $\gamma^\star\gamma \to \pi^0$ and $\gamma^\star\gamma^\star\to \pi^0$ at space-like values of photon momenta is estimated within the nonlocal covariant quark-meson model. The…
Detection of low-intensity light relies on the conversion of photons to photoelectrons, which are then multiplied and detected as an electrical signal. To measure the actual intensity of the light, one must know the factor by which the…
The spectroscopic factor has long played a central role in nuclear reaction theory. However, it is not an observable. Consequently it is of minimal use as a meeting point between theory and experiment. In this paper the nature of the…
The pion distribution amplitude (DA) can be related to the fundamental QCD Green's functions as a function of the quark self-energy and the quark-pion vertex, which in turn are associated with the pion wave function through the…
A model is proposed for the statistical analysis of arbitrary-strength quantum measurements, based on a picture of "sampling weak values" from different configurations of the system. The model is comprised of two elements: a "local weak…
Periodic nanostructures are fundamental elements in optical instrumentation as well as basis structures in integrated electronic circuits. Decreasing sizes and increasing complexity of nanostructures have made roughness a limiting parameter…
A photon induced shower at $E_{prim}\ge 10^{18}$ eV exhibits very specific features and is different from a hadronic one. At such energies, the LPM effect delays in average the first interactions of the photon in the atmosphere and hence…
Experimental conclusions from air shower observations on cosmic-ray photons above 10^19 eV are based on the comparison to detailed shower simulations. For the calculations, the photonuclear cross-section needs to be extrapolated over…
An analysis of the astrophysical $S$ factor of the proton-proton weak capture ($\mathrm{p}+\mathrm{p}\rightarrow {}^2\mathrm{H}+\mathrm{e}^++\nu_{\mathrm{e}}$) is performed on a large energy range covering solar-core and early Universe…
The feasibility of a measurement of the electric and magnetic nucleon form factors at $B$-meson factories through the radiative return is studied. Angular distributions allow a separation of the contributions from the two form factors. The…
A method is given for creating material with a desired refraction coefficient. The method consists of embedding into a material with known refraction coefficient many small particles of size $a$. The number of particles per unit volume…
This work studies the impact of systematic uncertainties associated to interaction cross sections on depth dose curves determined by Monte Carlo simulations. The corresponding sensitivity factors are quantified by changing cross sections in…
Boosted dark matter provides a promising approach to probe the light dark matter, whose computational framework in the spin-independent scattering process is well developed. However, the spin-dependent one lacks a unified treatment. The…
We derive correlated bounds on ratios of deep inelastic structure functions from the dipole picture of photon-hadron scattering at high energies. In particular we consider ratios of the longitudinal structure function, the total structure…
The constructive method of determining amplitudes from on-shell pole structure has been shown to be promising for calculating amplitudes in a more efficient way. However, challenges have been encountered when a massless internal photon is…
A method has been proposed for the determination of $\gamma$ to $\pi^0$ ratio in high energy pp and nucleus-nucleus collisions at large transverse momentum ($p_T$). In photon measuring device, it is proposed that shower shape analysis is…
The low-energy electromagnetic form factors of the $\Delta$(1232)-to-nucleon transition are derived combining dispersion theory techniques and chiral perturbation theory. The form factors are expressed in terms of the well-understood pion…
The photon impact factor for the BFKL pomeron is calculated in the next-to-leading order (NLO) approximation using the operator expansion in Wilson lines. The result is represented as a NLO $k_T$-factorization formula for the structure…
Divergence is not only an important mathematical concept in information theory, but also applied to machine learning problems such as low-dimensional embedding, manifold learning, clustering, classification, and anomaly detection. We…
The gamma difference distribution is defined as the difference of two gamma distributions, with in general different shape and rate parameters. Starting with knowledge of the corresponding characteristic function, a second order linear…