Related papers: The Proton Radius Puzzle- Why We All Should Care
Proton decay is a hypothetical form of particle decay in which protons are assumed to decay into lighter particles. This form of decay has yet to be detected. In this contribution to the proceedings of Neutrino 2022, we review the current…
The invariant mass of free particles is used to derive a bound-state equation for the hydrogen atom at rest. This equation has the well-known solutions for the single-particle states. Existence of two-particle bound states, for which the…
Recent measurements of the proton radius using the Lamb shift in muonic hydrogen are troublingly discrepant with values extracted from hydrogen spectroscopy and electron-proton scattering experiments. This discrepancy, which differs by more…
The problem of electron-proton scattering is handed over both the elastic and inelastic scattering. Two models are presented in this sense. The first, depends on the multi photon exchange ladder diagram, where the transition matrix is…
The importance of cosmic-ray experimental measurements of proton-proton total cross sections to understand the underlying fundamental dynamics is discussed. It is shown that early discovered global structure of proton-proton total cross…
At present, neutron star radii from both observations and model predictions remain very uncertain. Whereas different models can predict a wide range of neutron star radii, it is not possible for most models to predict radii that are smaller…
Background: The recent disagreement between the proton charge radius extracted from Lamb shift measurements of muonic and electronic hydrogen invites speculation that new physics may be to blame. Several proposals have been made for new…
We show that the value of the proton mass depends on each bound state of muonic or electronic hydrogen atom. The charged particle bound to the proton produces magnetic field inside the proton. This makes a change to the amount of chiral…
The charge radius of the proton is typically determined from electron-proton scattering by extracting the proton's electric form factor and then making use of the derivative of that form factor at zero four-momentum transfer. Unfortunately,…
The possible use of high-resolution rovibrational spectroscopy of the hydrogen molecular ions H + 2 and HD + for an independent determination of several fundamental constants is analyzed. While these molecules had been proposed for…
In this article we propose a new relativistic paradox concerning the absorption of a photon by a hydrogen atom. We show that the actual cause of the paradox is one of the hypotheses of Bohr model; therefore, in order to solve the paradox,…
The twenty years since the announcement of the proton spin crisis by the European Muon Collaboration has seen tremendous progress in our knowledge of the distribution of spin within the proton. The problem is reviewed, beginning with the…
Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen correlations have so far been measured only between pairs of photons and between pairs of protons. It is proposed to measure these correlations between the proton and the neutron emerging from breakup of the deuteron…
In this paper we investigate the link between classical electrodynamics and the mass-energy equivalence principle, in view of the conclusions reached in ref.[1]. A formula for the radius of a charged particle is derived. The formula…
The proton spin puzzle has challenged our understanding of QCD for the last 20 years. We survey new developments in theory and experiment. The proton spin puzzle seems to be telling us about the interplay of valence quarks with chiral…
The neutron radius of a heavy nucleus is a fundamental nuclear-structure observable that remains elusive. Progress in this arena has been limited by the exclusive use of hadronic probes that are hindered by large and controversial…
We analyse the consequences of a disformal interaction between a massless scalar and matter particles in the context of atomic physics. We focus on the displacement of the atomic energy levels that it induces, and in particular the change…
We analyze the elastic scattering of protons on a 4n system. This was used as part of the detection technique of a recent experiment [1] to search for the 4n (tetraneutron) as a bound particle. We show that it is unlikely that this process…
We calculate the contribution from the two-photon exchange on the neutron to the hyperfine splitting of S energy levels. We update the value of the neutron Zemach radius, estimate total recoil and polarizability corrections. The resulting…
The uncertainty in the contribution to the Lamb shift in muonic hydrogen, $\Delta E^{subt}$ arising from proton polarizability effects in the two-photon exchange diagram at large virtual photon momenta is shown large enough to account for…