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Quantum-Kit is a graphical desktop application for quantum circuit simulations. Its powerful, memory-efficient computational engine enables large-scale simulations on a desktop. The ability to design hybrid circuits, with both quantum and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-28 Archana Tankasala , Hesameddin Ilatikhameneh

Properties of Shor's algorithm and the related period-finding algorithm could serve as benchmarks for the operation of a quantum computer. Distinctive universal behaviour is expected for the probability for success of the period-finding…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-30 E. D. Davis

Quantum computers have the potential to perform computational tasks beyond the reach of classical machines. A prominent example is Shor's algorithm for integer factorization and discrete logarithms, which is of both fundamental importance…

Nuclear magnetic resonance is arguably both the best available quantum technology for implementing simple quantum computing experiments and the worst technology for building large scale quantum computers that has ever been seriously put…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-18 Jonathan A. Jones

Ideal quantum algorithms usually assume that quantum computing is performed continuously by a sequence of unitary transformations. However, there always exist idle finite time intervals between consecutive operations in a realistic quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 L. F. Wei , Xiao Li , Xuedong Hu , Franco Nori

Quantum computing devices are believed to be powerful in solving the prime factorization problem, which is at the heart of widely deployed public-key cryptographic tools. However, the implementation of Shor's quantum factorization algorithm…

Shor's algorithm, which given appropriate hardware can factorise an integer $N$ in a time polynomial in its binary length $L$, has arguable spurred the race to build a practical quantum computer. Several different quantum circuits…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Austin G. Fowler , Simon J. Devitt , Lloyd C. L. Hollenberg

Shor and Grover demonstrated that a quantum computer can outperform any classical computer in factoring numbers and in searching a database by exploiting the parallelism of quantum mechanics. Whereas Shor's algorithm requires both…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2016-08-31 Michael N. Leuenberger , Daniel Loss

We determine the cost of performing Shor's algorithm for integer factorization on a ternary quantum computer, using two natural models of universal fault-tolerant computing: (i) a model based on magic state distillation that assumes the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-07-12 Alex Bocharov , Martin Roetteler , Krysta M. Svore

The security of messages encoded via the widely used RSA public key encryption system rests on the enormous computational effort required to find the prime factors of a large number N using classical (i.e., conventional) computers. In 1994,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Edward Gerjuoy

We detail techniques to optimise high-level classical simulations of Shor's quantum factoring algorithm. Chief among these is to examine the entangling properties of the circuit and to effectively map it across the one-dimensional structure…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-01-28 Aidan Dang , Charles D. Hill , Lloyd C. L. Hollenberg

We report the realization of a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) quantum computer which combines the quantum Fourier transform (QFT) with exponentiated permutations, demonstrating a quantum algorithm for order-finding. This algorithm has the…

In recent years, advancements in quantum chip technology, such as Willow, have contributed to reducing quantum computation error rates, potentially accelerating the practical adoption of quantum computing. As a result, the design of quantum…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Abel C. H. Chen

Shor's factorisation algorithm is a combination of classical pre- and post-processing and a quantum period finding (QPF) subroutine which allows an exponential speed up over classical factoring algorithms. We consider the stability of this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-09-29 Simon J. Devitt , Austin G. Fowler , Lloyd C. L. Hollenberg

We study the results of a compiled version of Shor's factoring algorithm on the ibmqx5 superconducting chip, for the particular case of $N=15$, $21$ and $35$. The semi-classical quantum Fourier transform is used to implement the algorithm…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-17 Mirko Amico , Zain H. Saleem , Muir Kumph

Quantum computers are able to outperform classical algorithms. This was long recognized by the visionary Richard Feynman who pointed out in the 1980s that quantum mechanical problems were better solved with quantum machines. It was only in…

Shor's algorithm for integer factorization offers an exponential speedup over classical methods but remains impractical on Noisy Intermediate Scale Quantum (NISQ) hardware due to the need for many coherent qubits and very deep circuits.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-09 Alok Shukla , Prakash Vedula

Shor's quantum algorithm is very important for cryptography, since it can factor large numbers much faster than classical algorithms. In this study, we implement a simulator for Shor's quantum algorithm on graphic processor units (GPU) and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-07-05 I. Savran , M. Demirci , A. H. Yilmaz

Quantum performance simulators can provide practical metrics for the effectiveness of executing theoretical quantum information processing protocols on physical hardware. In this work we present a scheme to simulate the performance of fault…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-12-05 Andre Van Rynbach , Ahsan Muhammad , Abhijit C. Mehta , Jeffrey Hussmann , Jungsang Kim

We found that the actual computational time-cost of the QFT is O(n 2^n) for large n in a quantum computer using nuclear spins. The computational cost of a quantum algorithm has usually been estimated as the sum of the universal gates…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 A. Saito , K. Kioi , Y. Akagi , N. Hashizume , K. Ohta