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Massive binary black holes (MBBHs) in nearby galactic centers, if any, may be nano-Hertz gravitational wave (GW) sources for pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) to detect. Normally the objective GWs for PTA experiments are approximated as plane…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-11-04 Xiao Guo , Youjun Lu , Qingjuan Yu

Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) are Galactic-scale nanohertz-frequency gravitational wave (GW) detectors. Recently, several PTAs have found evidence for the presence of GWs in their datasets, but none of them have achieved a community-defined…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-10-06 Pratyasha Gitika , Ryan M. Shannon , Matthew Bailes , Daniel J. Reardon , Matthew T. Miles , David J. Champion , Kathrin Grunthal

Detecting continuous nanohertz gravitational waves (GWs) generated by individual close binaries of supermassive black holes (CB-SMBHs) is one of the primary objectives of pulsar timing arrays (PTAs). The detection sensitivity is slated to…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-12-08 Yu-Yang Songsheng , Yi-Qian Qian , Yan-Rong Li , Pu Du , Jie-Wen Chen , Yan Wang , Soumya D. Mohanty , Jian-Min Wang

The pulsar timing array (PTA) is a powerful technique for detecting nanohertz gravitational wave backgrounds (GWBs). However, conventional PTAs lack sensitivity to parity violation in the GWB. In this work, we propose a dipole pulsar timing…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-04-10 Baoyu Xu , Hanyu Jiang , Rong-Gen Cai , Misao Sasaki , Yun-Long Zhang

Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) will enable the detection of nanohertz gravitational waves (GWs) from a population of supermassive binary black holes (SMBBHs) in the next $\sim 3-7$ years. In addition, PTAs provide a rare opportunity to probe…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-07-12 Xavier Siemens , Jeffrey S. Hazboun , Paul T. Baker , Sarah Burke-Spolaor , Dustin Madison , Chiara Mingarelli , Joseph Simon , Tristan Smith

Gravitational wave (GW) detection with pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) requires accurate noise characterization. The noise of our Galactic-scale GW detector has been systematically evaluated by the Noise Budget and Interstellar Medium…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-08-15 T. Dolch , S. Chatterjee , J. M. Cordes , P. B. Demorest , J. A. Ellis , M. L. Jones , M. T. Lam , T. J. W. Lazio , L. Levin , M. A. McLaughlin , N. T. Palliyaguru , D. R. Stinebring

Observing and timing a group of millisecond pulsars (MSPs) with high rotational stability enables the direct detection of gravitational waves (GWs). The GW signals can be identified from the spatial correlations encoded in the…

Super-massive black hole binaries are expected to produce a GW signal in the nano-Hertz frequency band which may be detected by PTAs in the coming years. The signal is composed of both stochastic and individually resolvable components. Here…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-07-17 Janna Goldstein , John Veitch , Alberto Sesana , Alberto Vecchio

The gravitational waves (GWs) from supermassive binary black holes (BBHs) are long sought by pulsar timing array experiments (PTAs), in the forms of both a stochastic GW background (GWB) and individual sources. The evidence for a GWB was…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-09-27 Yunfeng Chen , Qingjuan Yu , Youjun Lu

We consider the sensitivity of the pulsar timing array (PTA) technique to specific kind of narrow-band stochastic signals in nano-Hz frequency range. Specifically, we examine the narrow-band signal produced by oscillating gravitational…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2014-11-04 Konstantin A. Postnov , Nataliya K. Porayko

We have searched for Gravitational Waves (GWs) associated with the SGR 1806-20 hyperflare of 27 December 2004. This event, originating from a Galactic neutron star, displayed exceptional energetics. Recent investigations of the X-ray light…

Astrophysics · Physics 2012-08-27 The LIGO Scientific Collaboration

Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) are used to search for long-wavelength gravitational waves (GWs) by monitoring a set of spin-stable millisecond pulsars. Most theoretical analyses assume that the relevant GW sources are much more distant from…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-01-03 Dustin R. Madison , David F. Chernoff , James M. Cordes

During their most recent observing run, LIGO/Virgo reported the gravitational wave (GW) transient S191110af, a burst signal at a frequency of 1.78 kHz that lasted for 0.104 s. While this signal was later deemed non-astrophysical, genuine…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-05-07 Wynn C. G. Ho , D. I. Jones , Nils Andersson , Cristobal M. Espinoza

Large-area sky surveys show that massive galaxies undergo at least one major merger in a Hubble time. Ongoing pulsar timing array (PTA) experiments are aimed at measuring the gravitational wave (GW) emission from binary supermassive black…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-22 V. Ravi , J. S. B. Wyithe , R. M. Shannon , G. Hobbs

By regularly monitoring the most stable millisecond pulsars over many years, pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) are positioned to detect and study correlations in the timing behaviour of those pulsars. Gravitational waves (GWs) from supermassive…

Pulsar Timing Arrays (PTAs) are a collection of precisely timed millisecond pulsars (MSPs) that can search for gravitational waves (GWs) in the nanohertz frequency range by observing characteristic signatures in the timing residuals. The…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-23 Brian Christy , Ryan Anella , Andrea Lommen , Lee Samuel Finn , Richard Camuccio , Emma Handzo

Gravitational wave (GW) searches using pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) are commonly assumed to be limited to a GW frequency of $\lesssim 4\times 10^{-7}$Hz given by the Nyquist rate associated with the average observational cadence of $2$ weeks…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-04-01 Xuan Tao , Yan Wang , Soumya D. Mohanty

Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) will be sensitive to a finite number of gravitational wave (GW) "point" sources (e.g. supermassive black hole binaries). N quiet pulsars with accurately known distances d_{pulsar} can characterize up to 2N/7…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2013-05-30 Latham Boyle , Ue-Li Pen

Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) are ensembles of millisecond pulsars observed for years to decades. The primary goal of PTAs is to study gravitational-wave astronomy at nanohertz frequencies, with secondary goals of undertaking other…

We present the results of a search for gravitational waves (GWs) from individual sources using high cadence observations of PSR B1937+21. The data were acquired from an intensive observation campaign with the Lovell telescope at Jodrell…