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Stealthy attacks on Industrial Control Systems can cause significant damage while evading detection. In this paper, instead of focusing on the detection of stealthy attacks, we aim to provide early warnings to operators, in order to avoid…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-16 Mazen Azzam , Liliana Pasquale , Gregory Provan , Bashar Nuseibeh

Attacks on industrial enterprises are increasing in number as well as in effect. Since the introduction of industrial control systems in the 1970's, industrial networks have been the target of malicious actors. More recently, the political…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-07-25 Simon D. Duque Anton , Sapna Sinha , Hans Dieter Schotten

Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) have grown increasingly complex and concealed, posing formidable challenges to existing Intrusion Detection Systems in identifying and mitigating these attacks. Recent studies have incorporated graph…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Wenhan Jiang , Tingting Chai , Hongri Liu , Kai Wang , Hongke Zhang

Analyzing sequence data usually leads to the discovery of interesting patterns and then anomaly detection. In recent years, numerous frameworks and methods have been proposed to discover interesting patterns in sequence data as well as…

Databases · Computer Science 2021-12-01 Wensheng Gan , Lili Chen , Shicheng Wan , Jiahui Chen , Chien-Ming Chen

Software Defined Networking (SDN) has brought significant advancements in network management and programmability. However, this evolution has also heightened vulnerability to Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs), sophisticated and stealthy…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Hedyeh Nazari , Abbas Yazdinejad , Ali Dehghantanha , Fattane Zarrinkalam , Gautam Srivastava

In this work we introduce a novel adaptive anomaly detection framework specifically designed for monitoring sequential random finite set (RFS) observations. Our approach effectively distinguishes between In-Control data (normal) and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Konstantinos Bourazas , Savvas Papaioannou , Panayiotis Kolios

Host-based threats such as Program Attack, Malware Implantation, and Advanced Persistent Threats (APT), are commonly adopted by modern attackers. Recent studies propose leveraging the rich contextual information in data provenance to detect…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Su Wang , Zhiliang Wang , Tao Zhou , Xia Yin , Dongqi Han , Han Zhang , Hongbin Sun , Xingang Shi , Jiahai Yang

We present a method to detect departures from business-justified workflows among support agents. Our goal is to assist auditors in identifying agent actions that cannot be explained by the activity within their surrounding context, where…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Birkett Huber , Casper Neo , Keiran Sampson , Alex Kantchelian , Brett Ksobiech , Yanis Pavlidis

Advanced persistent threat (APT) attacks remain difficult to detect due to their stealth, adaptability, and use of legitimate system components. Provenance-based intrusion detection systems (PIDS) offer a promising defense by capturing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Robin Buchta , Carsten Kleiner , Felix Heine , Gabi Dreo Rodosek

Anomaly detection is a crucial task in complex distributed systems. A thorough understanding of the requirements and challenges of anomaly detection is pivotal to the security of such systems, especially for real-world deployment. While…

Provenance-based Intrusion Detection Systems (PIDSes) have been widely used to detect Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs). Although many studies achieve high performance in the evaluations of their original papers, their performance in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Yue Xiao , Ling Jiang , Sen Nie , Ding Li , Shi Wu , Ke Xu , Qi Li

The rapid growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) has transformed industries by enabling seamless data exchange among connected devices. However, IoT networks remain vulnerable to security threats such as denial of service (DoS) attacks,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Behnam Seyedi , Octavian Postolache

The increasing security and privacy concerns in the Smart Grid sector have led to a significant demand for robust intrusion detection systems within critical smart grid infrastructure. To address the challenges posed by privacy preservation…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-10 Muhammad Akbar Husnoo , Adnan Anwar , Md Enamul Haque , A. N. Mahmood

Outlier detection and novelty detection are two important topics for anomaly detection. Suppose the majority of a dataset are drawn from a certain distribution, outlier detection and novelty detection both aim to detect data samples that do…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-19 Min Du , Ruoxi Jia , Dawn Song

Modern enterprise networks comprise diverse and heterogeneous systems that support a wide range of services, making it challenging for administrators to track and analyze sophisticated attacks such as advanced persistent threats (APTs),…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Seunghyeon Lee , Hyunmin Seo , Hwanjo Heo , Anduo Wang , Seungwon Shin , Jinwoo Kim

The integration of IoT devices in healthcare introduces significant security and reliability challenges, increasing susceptibility to cyber threats and operational anomalies. This study proposes a machine learning-driven framework for (1)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Mahek Desai , Apoorva Rumale , Marjan Asadinia

Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) are sophisticated, long-term cyberattacks that are difficult to detect because they operate stealthily and often blend into normal system behavior. This paper presents a neuro-symbolic anomaly detection…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Asif Tauhid , Sidahmed Benabderrahmane , Mohamad Altrabulsi , Ahamed Foisal , Talal Rahwan

Network intrusion detection is the problem of detecting unauthorised use of, or access to, computer systems over a network. Two broad approaches exist to tackle this problem: anomaly detection and misuse detection. An anomaly detection…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2012-08-03 Simon T. Powers , Jun He

As cyber attacks grow increasingly sophisticated and stealthy, it becomes more imperative and challenging to detect intrusion from normal behaviors. Through fine-grained causality analysis, provenance-based intrusion detection systems…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-23 Lingzhi Wang , Xiangmin Shen , Weijian Li , Zhenyuan Li , R. Sekar , Han Liu , Yan Chen

The advancement in wireless communication technologies is becoming more demanding and pervasive. One of the fundamental parameters that limit the efficiency of the network are the security challenges. The communication network is vulnerable…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-10 Misbah Shafi , Rakesh Kumar Jha , Sanjeev Jain