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The Clifford$+T$ gate set is commonly used to perform universal quantum computation. In such setup the $T$ gate is typically much more expensive to implement in a fault-tolerant way than Clifford gates. To improve the feasibility of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-27 Vivien Vandaele , Simon Martiel , Simon Perdrix , Christophe Vuillot

While implementing a quantum algorithm it is crucial to reduce the quantum resources, in order to obtain the desired computational advantage. For most fault-tolerant quantum error-correcting codes the cost of implementing the non-Clifford…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-10 Vlad Gheorghiu , Michele Mosca , Priyanka Mukhopadhyay

This work focuses on reducing the physical cost of implementing quantum algorithms when using the state-of-the-art fault-tolerant quantum error correcting codes, in particular, those for which implementing the T gate consumes vastly more…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-24 Michele Mosca , Priyanka Mukhopadhyay

Clifford gates play a role in the optimisation of Clifford+T circuits. Reducing the count and the depth of Clifford gates, as well as the optimal scheduling of T gates, influence the hardware and the time costs of executing quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-06-18 Alexandru Paler , Robert Basmadjian

Recently, various quantum computing and communication tasks have been implemented using IBM's superconductivity-based quantum computers which are available on the cloud. Here, we show that the circuits used in most of those works were not…

Quantum computing has the potential to solve problems that are intractable for classical computers, with possible applications in areas such as drug discovery and high-energy physics. However, the practical implementation of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-14 Remmy Zen , Maximilian Nägele , Florian Marquardt

Resource-efficient and high-precision approximate synthesis of quantum circuits expressed in the Clifford+T gate set is vital for Fault-Tolerant quantum computing. Efficient optimal methods are known for single-qubit RZ unitaries, otherwise…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-27 Mathias Weiden , Justin Kalloor , John Kubiatowicz , Ed Younis , Costin Iancu

We present a simple algorithm that implements an arbitrary $n$-qubit unitary operator using a Clifford+T circuit with T-count $O(2^{4n/3} n^{2/3})$. This improves upon the previous best known upper bound of $O(2^{3n/2} n)$, while the best…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-01 Xinyu Tan

In this work, we introduce a new circuit optimization technique to reduce the number of T gates in Clifford+T circuits by treating T gates conjugated by Clifford gates as $\frac{\pi}{4}$-rotations around Pauli operators. The tested…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-04-01 Fang Zhang , Jianxin Chen

To approximate arbitrary unitary transformations on one or more qubits, one must perform transformations which are outside of the Clifford group. The gate most commonly considered for this purpose is the T = diag(1, exp(i \pi/4)) gate. As T…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-05-04 Niel de Beaudrap , Xiaoning Bian , Quanlong Wang

Reducing the number of non-Clifford quantum gates present in a circuit is an important task for efficiently implementing quantum computations, especially in the fault-tolerant regime. We present a new method for reducing the number of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-13 Aleks Kissinger , John van de Wetering

Executing quantum algorithms on a quantum computer requires compilation to representations that conform to all restrictions imposed by the device. Due to devices' limited coherence times and gate fidelities, the compilation process has to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-16 Sarah Schneider , Lukas Burgholzer , Robert Wille

Given any quantum error correcting code permitting universal fault-tolerant quantum computation and transversal measurement of logical X and Z, we describe how to perform time-optimal quantum computation, meaning the execution of an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-02-05 Austin G. Fowler

Quantum computing carries significant potential for addressing practical problems. However, currently available quantum devices suffer from noisy quantum gates, which degrade the fidelity of executed quantum circuits. Therefore, quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-25 Ji Liu , Alvin Gonzales , Benchen Huang , Zain Hamid Saleem , Paul Hovland

Quantum computing is an emerging technology in which quantum mechanical properties are suitably utilized to perform certain compute-intensive operations faster than classical computers. Quantum algorithms are designed as a combination of…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Aravind Joshi , Akshara Kairali , Renju Raju , Adithya Athreya , Reena Monica P , Sanjay Vishwakarma , Srinjoy Ganguly

Quantum state preparation is a crucial process within numerous quantum algorithms, and the need for efficient initialization of quantum registers is ever increasing as demand for useful quantum computing grows. The problem arises as the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-11 Andrew Wright , Marco Lewis , Paolo Zuliani , Sadegh Soudjani

We study two-qubit circuits over the Clifford+CS gate set, which consists of the Clifford gates together with the controlled-phase gate CS=diag(1,1,1,i). The Clifford+CS gate set is universal for quantum computation and its elements can be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-21 Andrew N. Glaudell , Neil J. Ross , Jacob M. Taylor

The state of the art of quantum circuits using the ripple-carry strategy for the addition and comparison of two n-bit numbers is presented, as well as optimizations in the Clifford+T gate set, both in terms of CNOT-depth and T-depth, or…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-29 Maxime Remaud

In fault-tolerant quantum computing systems, realising (approximately) universal quantum computation is usually described in terms of realising Clifford+T operations, which is to say a circuit of CNOT, Hadamard, and $\pi/2$-phase rotations,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-16 Niel de Beaudrap , Xiaoning Bian , Quanlong Wang

A quantum circuit may be strongly classically simulated with the aid of ZX-calculus by decomposing its $t$ T-gates into a sum of $2^{\alpha t}$ classically computable stabiliser terms. In this paper, we introduce a general procedure to find…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-13 Matthew Sutcliffe , Aleks Kissinger