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Current neural-network-based classifiers are susceptible to adversarial examples. The most empirically successful approach to defending against such adversarial examples is adversarial training, which incorporates a strong self-attack…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-08 Bai Li , Shiqi Wang , Suman Jana , Lawrence Carin

Adversarial training for neural networks has been in the limelight in recent years. The advancement in neural network architectures over the last decade has led to significant improvement in their performance. It sparked an interest in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-07 Abhijith Sharma , Apurva Narayan

Adversarial Training has proved to be an effective training paradigm to enforce robustness against adversarial examples in modern neural network architectures. Despite many efforts, explanations of the foundational principles underpinning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-18 Mattia Carletti , Matteo Terzi , Gian Antonio Susto

As Artificial Intelligence (AI) continues to evolve, it has transitioned from a research-focused discipline to a widely adopted technology, enabling intelligent solutions across various sectors. In security, AI's role in strengthening…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Saskia Laura Schröer , Luca Pajola , Alberto Castagnaro , Giovanni Apruzzese , Mauro Conti

Adversarial training is an effective method to train deep learning models that are resilient to norm-bounded perturbations, with the cost of nominal performance drop. While adversarial training appears to enhance the robustness and safety…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-16 Mathias Lechner , Ramin Hasani , Radu Grosu , Daniela Rus , Thomas A. Henzinger

Adversarial attacks and defenses in machine learning and deep neural network have been gaining significant attention due to the rapidly growing applications of deep learning in the Internet and relevant scenarios. This survey provides a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-14 Yulong Wang , Tong Sun , Shenghong Li , Xin Yuan , Wei Ni , Ekram Hossain , H. Vincent Poor

Affective Computing (AC) has enabled Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems to recognise, interpret, and respond to human emotions - a capability also known as Artificial Emotional Intelligence (AEI). It is increasingly seen as an important…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Yupei Li , Qiyang Sun , Michelle Schlicher , Yee Wen Lim , Björn W. Schuller

Deep neural networks are capable of training fast and generalizing well within many domains. Despite their promising performance, deep networks have shown sensitivities to perturbations of their inputs (e.g., adversarial examples) and their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-09 Justin Goodwin , Olivia Brown , Victoria Helus

Affective computing, which aims to recognize, interpret, and understand human emotions, provides benefits in healthcare, such as improving patient care and enhancing doctor-patient communication. However, there is a noticeable absence of a…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-02-22 Yuanyuan Liu , Ke Wang , Lin Wei , Jingying Chen , Yibing Zhan , Dapeng Tao , Zhe Chen

In recent years, Affective Computing and its applications have become a fast-growing research topic. Furthermore, the rise of Deep Learning has introduced significant improvements in the emotion recognition system compared to classical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-01-22 Joaquim Comas , Decky Aspandi , Xavier Binefa

Synthesizing realistic data samples is of great value for both academic and industrial communities. Deep generative models have become an emerging topic in various research areas like computer vision and signal processing. Affective…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-11-10 Noushin Hajarolasvadi , Miguel Arjona Ramírez , Hasan Demirel

Artificial Intelligence has achieved remarkable success across diverse application domains. However, its vulnerability to adversarial attacks poses significant challenges to reliability, security, and trustworthiness. Adversarial machine…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Jaydip Sen

There have been recent adversarial attacks that are difficult to find. These new adversarial attacks methods may pose challenges to current deep learning cyber defense systems and could influence the future defense of cyberattacks. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-25 John Harshith , Mantej Singh Gill , Madhan Jothimani

The increased adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) presents an opportunity to solve many socio-economic and environmental challenges; however, this cannot happen without securing AI-enabled technologies. In recent years, most AI models…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-02-10 Ayodeji Oseni , Nour Moustafa , Helge Janicke , Peng Liu , Zahir Tari , Athanasios Vasilakos

Learning another language can be a highly emotional process, typically characterized by numerous frustrations and triumphs, big and small. For most learners, language learning does not follow a linear, predictable path, its zigzag course…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Robert Godwin-Jones

Driven by massive amounts of data and important advances in computational resources, new deep learning systems have achieved outstanding results in a large spectrum of applications. Nevertheless, our current theoretical understanding on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-29 Guillermo Ortiz-Jimenez , Apostolos Modas , Seyed-Mohsen Moosavi-Dezfooli , Pascal Frossard

Deep learning has emerged as a strong and efficient framework that can be applied to a broad spectrum of complex learning problems which were difficult to solve using the traditional machine learning techniques in the past. In the last few…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-02 Anirban Chakraborty , Manaar Alam , Vishal Dey , Anupam Chattopadhyay , Debdeep Mukhopadhyay

Deep Learning has empowered us to train neural networks for complex data with high performance. However, with the growing research, several vulnerabilities in neural networks have been exposed. A particular branch of research, Adversarial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Shashank Kotyan

As technologies become more and more pervasive, there is a need for considering the affective dimension of interaction with computer systems to make them more human-like. Current demands for this matter include accurate emotion recognition,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2018-06-13 Barbara Giżycka , Grzegorz J. Nalepa , Paweł Jemioło

As the name suggests, affective computing aims to recognize human emotions, sentiments, and feelings. There is a wide range of fields that study affective computing, including languages, sociology, psychology, computer science, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-16 Sitara Afzal , Haseeb Ali Khan , Imran Ullah Khan , Md. Jalil Piran , Jong Weon Lee