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The Zarankiewicz number $z(b;s)$ is the maximum size of a subgraph of $K_{b,b}$ which does not contain $K_{s,s}$ as a subgraph. The two-color bipartite Ramsey number $b(s,t)$ is the smallest integer $b$ such that any coloring of the edges…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-04-06 Alex Collins , Alexander Riasanovsky , John Wallace , Stanisław Radziszowski

We estimate the $3$-colour bipartite Ramsey number for balanced bipartite graphs $H$ with small bandwidth and bounded maximum degree. More precisely, we show that the minimum value of $N$ such that in any $3$-edge colouring of $K_{N,N}$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-04-10 Guilherme Oliveira Mota

The anti-Ramsey number, $ar(G, H)$ is the minimum integer $k$ such that in any edge colouring of $G$ with $k$ colours there is a rainbow subgraph isomorphic to $H$, i.e., a copy of $H$ with each of its edges assigned a different colour. The…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2019-10-28 L Sunil Chandran , Abhiruk Lahiri , Nitin Singh

For an $r$-graph $F$ and integers $n,t$ satisfying $t \le n/v(F)$, let $\mathrm{ar}(n,tF)$ denote the minimum integer $N$ such that every edge-coloring of $K_{n}^{r}$ using $N$ colors contains a rainbow copy of $tF$, where $tF$ is the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-06-24 Jinghua Deng , Jianfeng Hou , Xizhi Liu , Caihong Yang

A famous result in arithmetic Ramsey theory says that for many linear homogeneous equations $E$ there is a threshold value $R_k(E)$ (the Rado number of $E$) such that for any $k$-coloring of the integers in the interval $[1,n]$, with $n \ge…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-10-30 Jesús A. De Loera , Denae Ventura , Liuyue Wang , William J. Wesley

Given a graph $H$, let $\chi_H(\mathbb{R}^n)$ be the smallest positive integer $r$ such that there exists an $r$-coloring of $\mathbb{R}^n$ with no monochromatic unit-copy of $H$, that is a set of $|V(H)|$ vertices of the same color such…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-19 Maria Axenovich , Dingyuan Liu , Arsenii Sagdeev

An edge-colouring of a graph $G$ can fail to be rainbow for two reasons: either it contains a monochromatic cherry (a pair of incident edges), or a monochromatic matching of size two. A colouring is a proper colouring if it forbids the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-11-18 Allan Lo , Klas Markström , Dhruv Mubayi , Katherine Staden , Maya Stein , Lea Weber

For every integer $n$ with $n \geq 6$, we prove that the Boolean dimension of a poset consisting of all the subsets of $\{1,\dots,n\}$ equipped with the inclusion relation is strictly less than $n$.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-03-13 Marcin Briański , Jędrzej Hodor , Hoang La , Piotr Micek , Katzper Michno

The $q$-color Ramsey number of a $k$-uniform hypergraph $H$ is the minimum integer $N$ such that any $q$-coloring of the complete $k$-uniform hypergraph on $N$ vertices contains a monochromatic copy of $H$. The study of these numbers is one…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-08-22 Domagoj Bradač , Jacob Fox , Benny Sudakov

An old question in Ramsey theory asks whether any finite coloring of the natural numbers admits a monochromatic pair $\{x+y,xy\}$. We answer this question affirmatively in a strong sense by exhibiting a large new class of non-linear…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-05-06 Joel Moreira

Quantum annealing is a powerful tool for solving and approximating combinatorial optimization problems such as graph partitioning, community detection, centrality, routing problems, and more. In this paper we explore the use of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-17 Joel E. Pion , Susan M. Mniszewski

We say $G\to (\mathcal{C}, P_n)$ if $G-E(F)$ contains an $n$-vertex path $P_n$ for any spanning forest $F\subset G$. The size Ramsey number $\hat{R}(\mathcal{C}, P_n)$ is the smallest integer $m$ such that there exists a graph $G$ with $m$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-05-19 Deepak Bal , Ely Schudrich

The Euclidean Gallai-Ramsey problem, which investigates the existence of monochromatic or rainbow configurations in a colored $n$-dimensional Euclidean space $\mathbb{E}^{n}$, was introduced and studied recently. We further explore this…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-05-30 Xinbu Cheng , Zixiang Xu

Let Q(n,c) denote the minimum clique size an n-vertex graph can have if its chromatic number is c. Using Ramsey graphs we give an exact, albeit implicit, formula for the case c is at least (n+3)/2.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-04-11 Csaba Biró , Zoltán Füredi , Sogol Jahanbekam

We created and parallelized two SAT solvers to find new bounds on some Ramsey-type numbers. For $c > 0$, let $R_c(L)$ be the least $n$ such that for all $c$-colorings of the $[n]\times [n]$ lattice grid there will exist a monochromatic…

Given a graph $G$, a hypergraph $\mathcal{H}$ is a Berge copy of $F$ if $V(G)\subset V(\mathcal{H})$ and there is a bijection $f:E(G)\rightarrow E(\mathcal{H})$ such that for any edge $e$ of $G$ we have $e\subset f(e)$. We study Ramsey…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-06-07 Dániel Gerbner

We say that a subset $M$ of $\mathbb R^n$ is exponentially Ramsey if there are $\epsilon>0$ and $n_0$ such that $\chi(\mathbb R^n,M)\ge(1+\epsilon)^n$ for any $n>n_0$, where $\chi(\mathbb R^n,M)$ stands for the minimum number of colors in a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-03 Andrey Kupavskii , Arsenii Sagdeev , Dmitrii Zakharov

For given graphs $G_1, G_2,\ldots, G_n$ and any integer $j$, the size of the multipartite Ramsey number $m_j(G_1, G_2,\ldots, G_n)$ is the smallest positive integer $t$ such that any $n$-coloring of the edges of $K_{j\times t}$ contains a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-01-05 Yaser Rowshan , Mostafa Gholami

The $r$-colour Ramsey number $R_r(k)$ is the minimum $n \in \mathbb{N}$ such that every $r$-colouring of the edges of the complete graph $K_n$ on $n$ vertices contains a monochromatic copy of $K_k$. We prove, for each fixed $r \geqslant 2$,…

Given a graph $H$, the Ramsey number $R(H)$ is the smallest positive integer $n$ such that every $2$-edge-colouring of $K_n$ yields a monochromatic copy of $H$. We write $mH$ to denote the union of $m$ vertex-disjoint copies of $H$. The…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-08-18 József Balogh , Andrea Freschi , Andrew Treglown