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Given graphs $G$ and $H$ and a positive integer $k$, the \emph{Gallai-Ramsey number}, denoted by $gr_{k}(G : H)$ is defined to be the minimum integer $n$ such that every coloring of $K_{n}$ using at most $k$ colors will contain either a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-02-05 Xihe Li , Pierre Besse , Colton Magnant , Ligong Wang , Noah Watts

Given a graph $H$ and a positive integer $k$, the {\it $k$-colored Ramsey number} $R_k(H)$ is the minimum integer $n$ such that in every $k$-edge-coloring of the complete graph $K_{n}$, there is a monochromatic copy of $H$. Given two graphs…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-11-07 Xihe Li , Xiangxiang Liu

Given two finite posets $\mathcal P$ and $\mathcal Q$, their Ramsey number, denoted by $R(\mathcal P,\mathcal Q)$, is defined to be the smallest integer $N$ such that any blue/red colouring of the vertices of the hypercube $Q_N$ has either…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-24 Maria-Romina Ivan , Bernardus A. Wessels

The size Ramsey number $\hat{r}(F)$ of a graph $F$ is the smallest integer $m$ such that there exists a graph $G$ on $m$ edges with the property that any colouring of the edges of $G$ with two colours yields a monochromatic copy of $F$. In…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-02-20 Andrzej Dudek , Pawel Pralat

The Ramsey number $r_k(p, q)$ is the smallest integer $N$ that satisfies for every red-blue coloring on $k$-subsets of $[N]$, there exist $p$ integers such that any $k$-subset of them is red, or $q$ integers such that any $k$-subset of them…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-07-31 S. Cliff Liu

The Ramsey number $R(s,t)$ is the least integer $n$ such that any coloring of the edges of $K_n$ with two colors produces either a monochromatic $K_s$ in one color or a monochromatic $K_t$ in the other. If $s=t$, we say that the Ramsey…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-04-23 Bryce Christopherson , Casia Steinhaus

A family $\mathcal{G}$ of sets is a copy of a poset $(P,\leqslant)$ if $(\mathcal{G},\subseteq)$ is isomorphic to $(P,\leqslant)$. The forbidden subposet problem asks for determining $La^*(n,P)$, the maximum size of a family…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-11-21 Balázs Patkós

The Ramsey number $R(G_1, G_2, G_3)$ is the smallest positive integer $n$ such that for all 3-colorings of the edges of $K_n$ there is a monochromatic $G_1$ in the first color, $G_2$ in the second color, or $G_3$ in the third color. We…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-05-30 Daniel S. Shetler , Michael A. Wurtz , Stanisław P. Radziszowski

Let $\mathcal{H}$ be a 3-uniform hypergraph. The multicolor Ramsey number $ r_k(\mathcal{H})$ is the smallest integer $n$ such that every coloring of $ \binom{[n]}{3}$ with $k$ colors has a monochromatic copy of $\mathcal{H}$. Let $…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-02-17 Tom Bohman , Emily Zhu

In this paper, we investigate three extensions of Ramsey numbers to other combinatorial settings. We first consider ordered Ramsey numbers. Here, we ask for a monochromatic copy of a linearly ordered graph $G$ in every $2$-edge-coloring of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-11-07 Daniel Brosch , Bernard Lidický , Sydney Miyasaki , Diane Puges

For given graphs $G_{1}, G_{2}, ... , G_{k}, k \geq 2$, the multicolor Ramsey number $R(G_{1}, G_{2}, ... , G_{k})$ is the smallest integer $n$ such that if we arbitrarily color the edges of the complete graph of order $n$ with $k$ colors,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-07-24 Farideh Khoeini , Tomasz Dzido

The goal of this paper is to prove that several variants of deciding whether a poset can be (weakly) embedded into a small Boolean lattice, or to a few consecutive levels of a Boolean lattice, are NP-complete, answering a question of Griggs…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Dömötör Pálvölgyi

For graphs $G_1, G_2, G_3$, the three-color Ramsey number $R(G_1,$ $G_2, G_3)$ is the smallest integer $n$ such that if we arbitrarily color the edges of the complete graph of order $n$ with 3 colors, then it contains a monochromatic copy…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-06-29 Janusz Dybizbański , Tomasz Dzido , Stanisław Radziszowski

Let $G_1, G_2, ..., G_t$ be graphs. The multicolor Ramsey number $R(G_1, G_2, ..., G_t)$ is the smallest positive integer $n$ such that if the edges of complete graph $K_n$ are partitioned into $t$ disjoint color classes giving $t$ graphs…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-07-17 Leila Maherani , Gholamreza Omidi , Ghaffar Raeisi , Maryam Shahsiah

Consider the set $\{1,2,\dots,n\} = [n]$ and an equation $eq$. The rainbow number of $[n]$ for $eq$, denoted $\operatorname{rb}([n],eq)$, is the smallest number of colors such that for every exact $\operatorname{rb}([n], eq)$-coloring of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-06-09 Kean Fallon , Colin Giles , Hunter Rehm , Simon Wagner , Nathan Warnberg

The Ramsey number r(K_s,Q_n) is the smallest positive integer N such that every red-blue colouring of the edges of the complete graph K_N on N vertices contains either a red n-dimensional hypercube, or a blue clique on s vertices. Answering…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-05-17 Gonzalo Fiz Pontiveros , Simon Griffiths , Robert Morris , David Saxton , Jozef Skokan

A recent question in generalized Ramsey theory is that for fixed positive integers $s\leq t$, at least how many vertices can be covered by the vertices of no more than $s$ monochromatic members of the family $\cal F$ in every edge coloring…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-07-03 Amir Khamseh , Gholam Reza Omidi

We study a quantitative Ramsey-type problem on 3-term arithmetic progressions: how should the set of integers $[n] = \{1, 2, \dots, n\}$ be colored using 3 colors in order to maximize the number of rainbow 3-term arithmetic progressions? By…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-01-12 Gabriel Elvin , Alexis Gonzales , Alejandro Rodriguez , Israel Wilbur

The ordered Ramsey number of a graph $G^<$ with a linearly ordered vertex set is the smallest positive integer $N$ such that any two-coloring of the edges of the ordered complete graph on $N$ vertices contains a monochromatic copy of $G^<$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-02-05 Martin Balko

In Euclidean Ramsey Theory usually we are looking for monochromatic configurations in the Euclidean space, whose points are colored with a fixed number of colors. In the canonical version, the number of colors is arbitrary, and we are…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-03 Panna Gehér , Arsenii Sagdeev , Géza Tóth