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We initiate the study of $k$-edge-connected orientations of undirected graphs through edge flips for $k \geq 2$. We prove that in every orientation of an undirected $2k$-edge-connected graph, there exists a sequence of edges such that…

We prove that every 2k-edge-connected graph with countably many edge-ends admits a k-arc-connected orientation, extending the previous result by Assem, Koloschin and Pitz that also assumed the hypothesis of the graph being locally finite.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-10-09 Leandro Aurichi , Paulo Magalhães Júnior , Guilherme Eduardo Pinto

In this article we investigate the structure of uniformly $k$-connected and uniformly $k$-edge-connected graphs. Whereas both types have previously been studied independent of each other, we analyze relations between these two classes. We…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-03-08 Frank Göring , Tobias Hofmann , Manuel Streicher

We give an affirmative answer to a long-standing conjecture of Thomassen, stating that every sufficiently highly connected graph has a $k$-vertex-connected orientation. We prove that a connectivity of order $O(k^2)$ suffices. As a key tool,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-03-12 Dániel Garamvölgyi , Tibor Jordán , Csaba Király , Soma Villányi

The orientation theorem of Nash-Williams states that an undirected graph admits a $k$-arc-connected orientation if and only if it is $2k$-edge-connected. Recently, Ito et al. showed that any orientation of an undirected $2k$-edge-connected…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-05-01 Moritz Mühlenthaler , Benjamin Peyrille , Zoltán Szigeti

Building on recent work by Thomassen, we show that Nash-Williams' orientation theorem, that every finite $2k$-edge-connected multigraph has a $k$-arc-connected orientation, also holds for all infinite multigraphs.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-04-21 Marcel Koloschin , Max Pitz

We disprove a conjecture of Frank stating that each weakly 2k-connected has a k-vertex-connected orientation. For k at least 3, we also prove that the problem of deciding whether a graph has a k-vertex-connected orientation is NP-complete.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-12-18 Olivier Durand de Gevigney

For $\Delta$ a finite connected nontrivial directed multigraph, we prove: 1. $\Delta$ has a directed circuit using each directed edge exactly once if and only if both each pair of distinct vertices of $\Delta$ occur in a common directed…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-08-26 Donald Silberger

Mader proved that every strongly $k$-connected $n$-vertex digraph contains a strongly $k$-connected spanning subgraph with at most $2kn - 2k^2$ edges, where the equality holds for the complete bipartite digraph ${DK}_{k,n-k}$. For dense…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-04-03 Dong Yeap Kang

Bidirected graphs generalize directed and undirected graphs in that edges are oriented locally at every node. The natural notion of the degree of a node that takes into account (local) orientations is that of net-degree. In this paper, we…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-04-11 Laura Gellert , Raman Sanyal

A graph G is called (2k, k)-connected if G is 2k-edge-connected and G-v is k-edge-connected for every vertex v. The study of (2k, k)-connected graphs is motivated by a conjecture of Frank which states that a graph has a 2-vertex-connected…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-07-24 Olivier Durand de Gevigney , Zoltán Szigeti

The Wiener index of a connected graph is the sum of the distances between all unordered pairs of vertices. A connected graph is Eulerian if its vertex degrees are all even. In [Gutman, Cruz, Rada, Wiener index of Eulerian Graphs, Discrete…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-01-22 Peter Dankelmann

An Eulerian orientation is an orientation of the edges of a graph such that every vertex is balanced: its in-degree equals its out-degree. Counting Eulerian orientations corresponds to the crucial partition function in so-called ``ice-type…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-12-23 Mikhail Isaev , Brendan D. McKay , Rui-Ray Zhang

An undirected graph is Eulerian if it is connected and all its vertices are of even degree. Similarly, a directed graph is Eulerian, if for each vertex its in-degree is equal to its out-degree. It is well known that Eulerian graphs can be…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-04-23 Fedor V. Fomin , Petr A. Golovach

Halin showed that every edge minimal, k-vertex connected graph has a vertex of degree k. In this note, we prove the analogue to Halin's theorem for edge-minimal, k-edge-connected graphs. We show there are two vertices of degree k in every…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2009-05-08 Carl Kingsford , Guillaume Marçais

Consider an undirected graph whose edges are labeled invertibly in a group. When does every Eulerian trail from one fixed vertex to another have the same label? We give a precise structural answer to this question. Essentially, we show that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-04 Donggyu Kim , Rose McCarty , Caleb McFarland

Mader [J. Combin. Theory Ser. B 40 (1986) 152-158] proved that every $k$-edge-connected graph $G$ with minimum degree at least $k+1$ contains a vertex $u$ such that $G-\{u\}$ is still $k$-edge-connected. In this paper, we prove that every…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-12-12 Qing Yang , Yingzhi Tian

A graph is called strongly $\Z_{2k+1}$-connected if for each boundary function $\beta: V(G)\mapsto \Z_{2k+1}$ with $\sum_{v\in V(G)}\beta(v)\equiv 0\pmod{2k+1}$, there exists an orientation $D$ of $G$ such that $d_D^+(v) - d_D^-(v) \equiv…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-26 Daniel W. Cranston , Jiaao Li , Bo Su , Zhouningxin Wang , Chunyan Wei

An Euler tour in a hypergraph $H$ is a closed walk that traverses each edge of $H$ exactly once, and an Euler family is a family of closed walks that jointly traverse each edge of $H$ exactly once. An $\ell$-covering $k$-hypergraph, for $2…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-01-28 Mateja Šajna , Andrew Wagner

For a graph $G$, the vertices of the $k$-dominating graph, denoted $\mathcal{D}_k(G)$, correspond to the dominating sets of $G$ with cardinality at most $k$. Two vertices of $\mathcal{D}_k(G)$ are adjacent if and only if the corresponding…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-01-15 M. E. Messinger , A. Porter
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