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The network paradigm for quantum computing involves interconnecting many modules to form a scalable machine. Typically it is assumed that the links between modules are prone to noise while operations within modules have significantly higher…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-10-05 Ying Li , Simon C. Benjamin

In ensemble (or bulk) quantum computation, measurements of qubits in an individual computer cannot be performed. Instead, only expectation values can be measured. As a result of this limitation on the model of computation, various important…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 P. Oscar Boykin , Tal Mor , Vwani Roychowdhury , Farrokh Vatan

Here we explore which heuristic quantum algorithms for combinatorial optimization might be most practical to try out on a small fault-tolerant quantum computer. We compile circuits for several variants of quantum accelerated simulated…

A quantum processor (QuP) can be used to exploit quantum mechanics to find the prime factors of composite numbers[1]. Compiled versions of Shor's algorithm have been demonstrated on ensemble quantum systems[2] and photonic systems[3-5],…

The optimal design of a fault-tolerant quantum computer involves finding an appropriate balance between the burden of large-scale integration of noisy components and the load of improving the reliability of hardware technology. This balance…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-03-14 Muhammad Ahsan , Rodney Van Meter , Jungsang Kim

Physical constraints and engineering challenges, including wafer dimensions, classical control cabling, and refrigeration volumes, impose significant limitations on the scalability of quantum computing units. As a result, a modular quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-27 Hugo Jacinto , Élie Gouzien , Nicolas Sangouard

Compiling a given quantum algorithm into a target hardware architecture is a challenging optimization problem. The compiler must take into consideration the coupling graph of physical qubits and the gate operation dependencies. The existing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-16 Xiangyu Gao , Yuwei Jin , Minghao Guo , Henry Chen , Eddy Z. Zhang

Quantum circuit mapping is a crucial process in the quantum circuit compilation pipeline, facilitating the transformation of a logical quantum circuit into a list of instructions directly executable on a target quantum system. Recent…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-10 Di Yu , Kun Fang

We perform logical and physical resource estimation for computing binary elliptic curve discrete logarithms using Shor's algorithm on fault-tolerant quantum computers. We adopt a windowed approach to design our circuit implementation of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-01 Michael Garn , Angus Kan

With the advancement of quantum technologies, there is a potential threat to traditional encryption systems based on integer factorization. Therefore, developing techniques for accurately measuring the performance of associated quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-20 Junseo Lee

Considering its relevance in the field of cryptography, integer factorization is a prominent application where Quantum computers are expected to have a substantial impact. Thanks to Shor's algorithm this peculiar problem can be solved in…

Shor's algorithm, which given appropriate hardware can factorise an integer $N$ in a time polynomial in its binary length $L$, has arguable spurred the race to build a practical quantum computer. Several different quantum circuits…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Austin G. Fowler , Simon J. Devitt , Lloyd C. L. Hollenberg

Modern large-scale scientific applications consist of thousands to millions of individual tasks. These tasks involve not only computation but also communication with one another. Typically, the communication pattern between tasks is sparse…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Christian Schulz , Henning Woydt

We consider hierarchically implemented quantum error correction (HI-QEC), in which the fidelities of logical qubits are differentially optimized to enhance the capabilities of quantum devices in scientific applications. By employing qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-05 Natalie Klco , Martin J. Savage

This paper presents a computer program, written in Maple, that allows a user to simulate certain aspects of Shor's quantum factoring algorithm on a desktop or laptop computer. The program does not simulate the unitary operations carried out…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 J. F. Schneiderman , M. E. Stanley , P. K. Aravind

Shor's factoring algorithm illustrates the potential power of quantum computation. Here we present and numerically investigate a proposal for a compiled version of such an algorithm based on a quantum-wire network exploiting the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-01-14 Fabrizio Buscemi

Shor's algorithm is one of the most significant quantum algorithms. Shor's algorithm can factor large integers with a certain success probability in polynomial time. However, Shor's algorithm requires an unbearable amount of qubits in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-16 Ligang Xiao , Daowen Qiu , Le Luo , Paulo Mateus

Combinatorial optimization problems are considered to be an application, where quantum computing can have transformative impact. In the industrial context, job shop scheduling problems that aim at finding the optimal schedule for a set of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-12 Mathias Schmid , Sarah Braun , Rudolf Sollacher , Michael J. Hartmann

Quantum computers pose a fundamental threat to widely deployed public-key cryptosystems, such as RSA and ECC, by enabling efficient integer factorization using Shor's algorithm. Theoretical resource estimates suggest that 2048-bit RSA keys…

Quantum algorithms rely on quantum computers for implementation, but the physical connectivity constraints of modern quantum processors impede the efficient realization of quantum algorithms. Qubit mapping, a critical technology for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-24 Wenjie Sun , Xiaoyu Li , Lianhui Yu , Zhigang Wang , Geng Chen , Desheng Zheng , Guowu Yang