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Although automated harmful content detection systems are frequently used to monitor online platforms, moderators and end users frequently cannot understand the logic underlying their predictions. While recent studies have focused on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Trishita Dhara , Siddhesh Sheth

Small class-imbalanced datasets, common in many high-level semantic tasks like discourse analysis, present a particular challenge to current deep-learning architectures. In this work, we perform an extensive analysis on sentence-level…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-05 Alexander Spangher , Jonathan May , Sz-rung Shiang , Lingjia Deng

Mislabeled examples are a common issue in real-world data, particularly for tasks like token classification where many labels must be chosen on a fine-grained basis. Here we consider the task of finding sentences that contain label errors…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-24 Wei-Chen Wang , Jonas Mueller

Relational data sources are still one of the most popular ways to store enterprise or Web data, however, the issue with relational schema is the lack of a well-defined semantic description. A common ontology provides a way to represent the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-01-31 Natalia Ruemmele , Yuriy Tyshetskiy , Alex Collins

Classification is a ubiquitous and fundamental problem in artificial intelligence and machine learning, with extensive efforts dedicated to developing more powerful classifiers and larger datasets. However, the classification task is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Mario Franco , Gerardo Febres , Nelson Fernández , Carlos Gershenson

Task-oriented dialog systems need to know when a query falls outside their range of supported intents, but current text classification corpora only define label sets that cover every example. We introduce a new dataset that includes queries…

Toxicity detection algorithms, originally designed with reactive content moderation in mind, are increasingly being deployed into proactive end-user interventions to moderate content. Through a socio-technical lens and focusing on contexts…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Mark Warner , Angelika Strohmayer , Matthew Higgs , Lynne Coventry

Toxicity classification in textual content remains a significant problem. Data with labels from a single annotator fall short of capturing the diversity of human perspectives. Therefore, there is a growing need to incorporate crowdsourced…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Zelei Cheng , Xian Wu , Jiahao Yu , Shuo Han , Xin-Qiang Cai , Xinyu Xing

Incorporating every annotator's perspective is crucial for unbiased data modeling. Annotator fatigue and changing opinions over time can distort dataset annotations. To combat this, we propose to learn a more accurate representation of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Uthman Jinadu , Yi Ding

The exponential growth of user-generated content on social media platforms has precipitated significant challenges in information management, particularly in content organization, retrieval, and discovery. Hashtags, as a fundamental…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Shubhi Bansal , Kushaan Gowda , Anupama Sureshbabu K , Chirag Kothari , Nagendra Kumar

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have enabled molecular reasoning for property prediction. However, toxicity arises from complex biological mechanisms beyond chemical structure, necessitating mechanistic reasoning for…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2026-04-09 Jueon Park , Wonjune Jang , Chanhwi Kim , Yein Park , Jaewoo Kang

Deep learning models continuously break new records across different NLP tasks. At the same time, their success exposes weaknesses of model evaluation. Here, we compile several key pitfalls of evaluation of sentence embeddings, a currently…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-05 Steffen Eger , Andreas Rücklé , Iryna Gurevych

Social media platforms provide an environment where people can freely engage in discussions. Unfortunately, they also enable several problems, such as online harassment. Recently, Google and Jigsaw started a project called Perspective,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-02-28 Hossein Hosseini , Sreeram Kannan , Baosen Zhang , Radha Poovendran

We present our works on SemEval-2021 Task 5 about Toxic Spans Detection. This task aims to build a model for identifying toxic words in whole posts. We use the BiLSTM-CRF model combining with ToxicBERT Classification to train the detection…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-02 Son T. Luu , Ngan Luu-Thuy Nguyen

This study aims to develop an efficient and accurate model for detecting malicious comments, addressing the increasingly severe issue of false and harmful content on social media platforms. We propose a deep learning model that combines…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Zhou Fang , Hanlu Zhang , Jacky He , Zhen Qi , Hongye Zheng

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have prompted a growing body of work that questions the methodology of prevailing evaluation practices. However, many such critiques have already been extensively debated in natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Ruchira Dhar , Anders Søgaard

The advent of social media transformed interpersonal communication and information consumption processes. This digital landscape accommodates user intentions, also resulting in an increase of offensive language and harmful behavior.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Kasper Cools , Gideon Mailette de Buy Wenniger , Clara Maathuis

We propose a self-correction mechanism for Large Language Models (LLMs) to mitigate issues such as toxicity and fact hallucination. This method involves refining model outputs through an ensemble of critics and the model's own feedback.…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have made significant strides in handling long sequences. Some models like Gemini could even to be capable of dealing with millions of tokens. However, their performance evaluation has largely been confined to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Tianle Li , Ge Zhang , Quy Duc Do , Xiang Yue , Wenhu Chen

Given the dynamic nature of toxic language use, automated methods for detecting toxic spans are likely to encounter distributional shift. To explore this phenomenon, we evaluate three approaches for detecting toxic spans under cross-domain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-19 Stefan F. Schouten , Baran Barbarestani , Wondimagegnhue Tufa , Piek Vossen , Ilia Markov