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In this second part of a series we attempt to construct an empirical model that can mimick all experimental observations made regarding the role of an alternative interleaved scan pattern in STEM imaging on the beam damage in a specific…
Fluorescence microscopy is a powerful tool for imaging biological samples with molecular specificity. In contrast, phase microscopy provides label-free measurement of the sample's refractive index (RI), which is an intrinsic optical…
The ability to resolve the dynamics of matter on its native temporal and spatial scales constitutes a key challenge and convergent theme across chemistry, biology, and materials science. The last couple of decades have witnessed ultrafast…
The Kikuchi bands arise from Bragg diffraction of incoherent electrons scattered within a crystalline specimen and can be observed in both the transmission and reflection modes of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Converging, rocking, or…
Convergent beam electron diffraction is routinely applied for studying deformation and local strain in thick crystals by matching the crystal structure to the observed intensity distributions. Recently, it has been demonstrated that CBED…
Electron microscopy is widely used to explore defects in crystal structures, but human detecting of defects is often time-consuming, error-prone, and unreliable, and is not scalable to large numbers of images or real-time analysis. In this…
Fast pixelated detectors incorporating direct electron detection (DED) technology are increasingly being regarded as universal detectors for scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), capable of imaging under multiple modes of…
Radiative transfer effects need to be taken into account when analysing spectral line observations. When the data are not sufficient for detailed modelling, simpler methods are needed. The escape probability formalism (EPF) is one such…
Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrum imaging yields compositional information with a spatial resolution down to the atomic level. However, experimental limitations often produce extremely sparse and noisy EDX spectra. Under such…
The inverse design of metasurfaces faces inherent challenges due to the nonlinear and highly complex relationship between geometric configurations and their electromagnetic behavior. Traditional optimization approaches often suffer from…
Measuring the physical properties of galaxies such as redshift frequently requires the use of Spectral Energy Distributions (SEDs). SED template sets are, however, often small in number and cover limited portions of photometric color space.…
The numerical analysis of the diffraction features rendered by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) typically relies either on classical approximations (Monte Carlo simulations) or quantum paraxial tomography (the multislice method and…
The effectiveness of machine learning in metallographic microstructure segmentation is often constrained by the lack of human-annotated phase masks, particularly for rare or compositionally complex morphologies within the metal alloy. We…
Reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) is a powerful tool in molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), but RHEED images are often difficult to interpret, requiring experienced operators. We present an approach for automated surveillance of…
For high-redshift submillimetre or millimetre sources detected with single dish telescopes, interferometric follow-up has shown that many are multiple submm galaxies blended together. Confusion-limited Herschel observations of such targets…
Electron and scanning probe microscopy produce vast amounts of data in the form of images or hyperspectral data, such as EELS or 4D STEM, that contain information on a wide range of structural, physical, and chemical properties of…
Electron energy loss spectroscopy is consolidating as a powerful tool to explore electronic (as well as vibrational) excitations of matter, including molecules. Performed in a scanning transmission electron microscope, this technique is…
Aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopes (STEM) provide sub-angstrom lateral resolution; however, the large convergence angle greatly reduces the depth of field. For microscopes with a small depth of field,…
Reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) is a ubiquitous in situ molecular beam epitaxial (MBE) characterization tool. Although RHEED can be a powerful means for crystal surface structure determination, it is often used as a…
Low-electron-dose observation is indispensable for observing various samples using a transmission electron microscope; consequently, image processing has been used to improve transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images. To apply such…