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Variational integrators are well-suited for simulation of mechanical systems because they preserve mechanical quantities about a system such as momentum, or its change if external forcing is involved, and holonomic constraints. While they…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-09-04 Elliot Johnson , Jarvis Schultz , Todd Murphey

Variational integrators are a special kind of geometric discretisation methods applicable to any system of differential equations that obeys a Lagrangian formulation. In this thesis, variational integrators are developed for several…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2014-12-08 Michael Kraus

We discuss a recently proposed variational principle for deriving the variational equations associated to any Lagrangian system. The principle gives simultaneously the Lagrange and the variational equations of the system. We define a new…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2016-08-16 H. N Núñez-Yépez , Joaquín Delgado , A. L. Salas-Brito

We consider a Lagrangian system $L(q,\dot q) = \sum_{l=1}^{N}L^{\{l\}}(q,\dot q)$, where the $q$-variable is treated by a Generalized Additive Runge--Kutta (GARK) method. Applying the technique of discrete variations, we show how to…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-08-05 Antonella Zanna

A multi-agent system designed to achieve distance-based shape control with flocking behavior can be seen as a mechanical system described by a Lagrangian function and subject to additional external forces. Forced variational integrators are…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-10-01 Leonardo Colombo , Patricio Moreno , Mengbin Ye , Hector Garcia de Marina , Ming Cao

The difference and similarity between the velocity- and position-Verlet integrators are discussed from the viewpoint of their Hamiltonian representations for both linear and nonlinear systems. For a harmonic oscillator, the exact…

Computational Physics · Physics 2025-05-23 Liyan Ni , Zhonghan Hu

We show that symplectic and linearly-implicit integrators proposed by [Zhang and Skeel, 1997] are variational linearizations of Newmark methods. When used in conjunction with penalty methods (i.e., methods that replace constraints by stiff…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2014-12-08 Molei Tao , Houman Owhadi

We show that symplectic Runge-Kutta methods provide effective symplectic integrators for Hamiltonian systems with index one constraints. These include the Hamiltonian description of variational problems subject to position and velocity…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2014-02-28 Robert I McLachlan , Klas Modin , Olivier Verdier , Matt Wilkins

In this paper, we develop the theoretical foundations of discrete Dirac mechanics, that is, discrete mechanics of degenerate Lagrangian/Hamiltonian systems with constraints. We first construct discrete analogues of Tulczyjew's triple and…

Symplectic Geometry · Mathematics 2015-02-13 Melvin Leok , Tomoki Ohsawa

In recent years, much effort in designing numerical methods for the simulation and optimization of mechanical systems has been put into schemes which are structure preserving. One particular class are variational integrators which are…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-05-08 Cédric M. Campos , Sina Ober-Blöbaum , Emmanuel Trélat

We study the order of convergence of Galerkin variational integrators for ordinary differential equations. Galerkin variational integrators approximate a variational (Lagrangian) problem by restricting the space of curves to the set of…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-01-10 Sina Ober-Blöbaum , Mats Vermeeren

Following the discrete embedding formalism, we give a new derivation of the mid-point variational integrators as developed by J.M. Wendlandt and J.E. Marsden by defining an adapted order two discrete differential and integral calculus. This…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2022-11-30 Jacky Cresson , Rouba Safi

This paper is devoted to discrete mechanical systems subject to external forces. We introduce a discrete version of systems with Rayleigh-type forces, obtain the equations of motion and characterize the equivalence for these systems.…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2022-05-03 Manuel de León , Manuel Lainz , Asier López-Gordón

Discretizing variational principles, as opposed to discretizing differential equations, leads to discrete-time analogues of mechanics, and, systematically, to geometric numerical integrators. The phase space of such variational…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 Charles Cuell , George W. Patrick

The purpose of this paper is to perform an error analysis of the variational integrators of mechanical systems subject to external forcing. Essentially, we prove that when a discretization of contact order $r$ of the Lagrangian and force…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-12-08 Javier Fernández , Sebastián Elías Graiff Zurita , Sergio Grillo

It is well known that the Lagrangian and Hamiltonian descriptions of field theories are equivalent at the discrete time level when variational integrators are used. Besides the symplectic Hamiltonian structure, many physical systems exhibit…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-01-18 Andrea Brugnoli , Volker Mehrmann

It is well known that symplectic integrators lose their near energy preservation properties when variable step sizes are used. The most common approach to combine adaptive step sizes and symplectic integrators involves the Poincar\'e…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-06-25 Valentin Duruisseaux , Jeremy Schmitt , Melvin Leok

A complete error analysis of variational integrators is obtained, by blowing up the discrete variational principles, all of which have a singularity at zero time-step. Divisions by the time step lead to an order that is one less than…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2009-03-05 George W. Patrick , Charles Cuell

Recently, Lobb and Nijhoff initiated the study of variational (Lagrangian) structure of discrete integrable systems from the perspective of multi-dimensional consistency. In the present work, we follow this line of research and develop a…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2014-03-13 Yuri B. Suris

A discrete theory for implicit nonholonomic Lagrangian systems undergoing elastic collisions is developed. It is based on the discrete Lagrange-d'Alembert-Pontryagin variational principle and the dynamical equations thus obtained are the…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2025-03-26 Álvaro Rodríguez Abella , Leonardo Colombo