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The DC Power Flow approximation has been widely used for decades in both industry and academia due to its computational speed and simplicity, but suffers from inaccuracy, in part due to the assumption of a lossless network. Here we present…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-09-21 John W. Simpson-Porco

Newton's method is a fundamental technique in optimization with quadratic convergence within a neighborhood around the optimum. However reaching this neighborhood is often slow and dominates the computational costs. We exploit two…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-05-24 Hadi Daneshmand , Aurelien Lucchi , Thomas Hofmann

Load flow analysis is a fundamental technique used by electrical engineers to simulate and evaluate power system behavior under steady-state conditions. It enables efficient operation and control by determining how active and reactive power…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-15 Sampson E. Nwachukwu

This paper presents a new method for enhancing Alternating Current Power Flow (ACPF) analysis. The method integrates the Newton-Raphson (NR) method with Enhanced-Gradient Descent (GD) and computational graphs. The integration of renewable…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-06-18 Masoud Barati

The Newton method is a powerful optimization algorithm, valued for its rapid local convergence and elegant geometric properties. However, its theoretical guarantees are usually limited to convex problems. In this work, we ask whether…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-10-01 Alexander Shestakov , Sushil Bohara , Samuel Horváth , Martin Takáč , Slavomír Hanzely

DC microgrids have promising applications in renewable integration due to their better energy efficiency when connecting DC components. However, they might be unstable since many loads in a DC microgrid are regulated as constant power loads…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-05-23 Jianzhe Liu , Yichen Zhang , Antonio J. Conejo , Feng Qiu

The AC power flow equations are fundamental in all aspects of power systems planning and operations. They are routinely solved using Newton-Raphson like methods. However, there is little theoretical understanding of when these algorithms…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2015-10-09 Krishnamurthy Dvijotham , Michael Chertkov , Steven Low

We propose a multi-fidelity neural network (MFNN) tailored for rapid high-dimensional grid power flow simulations and contingency analysis with scarce high-fidelity contingency data. The proposed model comprises two networks -- the first…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-27 Sam Yang , Bjorn Vaagensmith , Deepika Patra , Ryan Hruska , Tyler Phillips

Smart devices, storage and other distributed technologies have the potential to greatly improve the utilisation of network infrastructure and renewable generation. Decentralised control of these technologies overcomes many scalability and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-10-30 Paul Scott , Sylvie Thiébaux

The solution of potential-driven steady-state flow in large networks is a task which manifests in various engineering applications, such as transport of natural gas or water through pipeline networks. The resultant system of nonlinear…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-01-23 Shriram Srinivasan , Kaarthik Sundar

Many power system operation and planning problems use the DC power flow approximation to address computational challenges from the nonlinearity of the AC power flow equations. The DC power flow simplifies the AC power flow equations to a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-13 Babak Taheri , Daniel K. Molzahn

Policy gradient algorithms have been widely applied to Markov decision processes and reinforcement learning problems in recent years. Regularization with various entropy functions is often used to encourage exploration and improve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Haoya Li , Samarth Gupta , Hsiangfu Yu , Lexing Ying , Inderjit Dhillon

Most existing work uses dual decomposition and subgradient methods to solve Network Utility Maximization (NUM) problems in a distributed manner, which suffer from slow rate of convergence properties. This work develops an alternative…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-03-17 Ermin Wei , Asuman Ozdaglar , Ali Jadbabaie

As an effective emulator of ill-conditioned power flow, continuous Newton methods (CNMs) have been extensively investigated using explicit and implicit numerical integration algorithms. Explicit CNMs are prone to non-convergence issues due…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-02 Ruizhi Yu , Wei Gu , Yijun Xu , Shuai Lu , Suhan Zhang

In this work we present an adaptive Newton-type method to solve nonlinear constrained optimization problems in which the constraint is a system of partial differential equations discretized by the finite element method. The adaptive…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-06-05 Thomas Carraro , Simon Dörsam , Stefan Frei , Daniel Schwarz

Power grid operators typically solve large-scale, nonconvex optimal power flow (OPF) problems throughout the day to determine optimal setpoints for generators while adhering to physical constraints. Despite being at the heart of many OPF…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-11-03 Kyri Baker

Identifying faulty lines and their accurate location is key for rapidly restoring distribution systems. This will become a greater challenge as the penetration of power electronics increases, and contingencies are seen across larger areas.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-26 Vaibhav Nougain , Sukumar Mishra , Joan-Marc Rodriguez-Bernuz , Adria Junyent-Ferre , Aditya Shekhar , Aleksandra Lekic

Achieving robust and scalable convergence for simulation of realistic power flow cases can be challenging. One specific issue relates to the disconnected solution space that is created by the use of piecewise-discontinuous models of power…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-11-07 Aayushya Agarwal , Amritanshu Pandey , Marko Jereminov , Larry Pileggi

The fast growing scale and heterogeneity of current communication networks necessitate the design of distributed cross-layer optimization algorithms. So far, the standard approach of distributed cross-layer design is based on dual…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2011-08-11 Jia Liu , Hanif D. Sherali

This note outlines the exact solution to the power flow problem in AC electrical networks under the assumption of 'flat' or uniform voltage profiles. This solution generalises the common 'DC power flow' approach to electrical network…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2022-07-26 Anthony B. Morton