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Incorporating molecular-scale effects in the description of contact line motion is essential for accurately capturing all sources of energy dissipation in wetting dynamics. This holds particularly true in the cases where contact line…

This paper is devoted to the numerical study of droplet impact on solid substrates in presence of surfactants. We formulate the problem in an energetically variational framework and introduce an incompressible Cahn-Hilliard-Navier-Stokes…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2022-12-20 Chenxi Wang , Ming-Chih Lai , Zhen Zhang

In this paper, we investigate the dynamics of an incompressible viscous Navier-Stokes fluid evolving above a one-dimensional flat surface. The fluid is subject to a uniform gravitational field and capillary forces acting along the free…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2026-02-19 Xiaoding Yang

We derive a novel thermodynamically consistent Navier--Stokes--Cahn--Hilliard system with dynamic boundary conditions. This model describes the motion of viscous incompressible binary fluids with different densities. In contrast to previous…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2023-10-25 Andrea Giorgini , Patrik Knopf

We develop the energy budget equation of the coupled Navier-Stokes-Cahn-Hilliard (NSCH) system. We use the NSCH equations to model the dynamics of liquid droplets in a liquid continuum. Buoyancy effects are accounted for through the…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2016-08-26 LFR Espath , A Sarmiento , P Vignal , BON Varga , AMA Cortes , L Dalcin , VM Calo

The motion of the three-phase contact line between two immiscible fluids and a solid surface arises in a variety of wetting phenomena and technological applications. One challenge in continuum theory is the effective representation of…

In this work, we propose a fully discrete energy stable scheme for the phase-field moving contact line model with variable densities and viscosities. The mathematical model consists of a Cahn-Hilliard equation, a Navier-Stokes equation and…

Computational Physics · Physics 2020-03-05 Guangpu Zhu , Huangxin Chen , Aifen Li , Shuyu Sun , Jun Yao

The coupled Cahn-Hilliard and Navier-Stokes (CH-NS) equations provide a powerful framework for modeling multiphase flows with diffuse interfaces, enabling simulations of droplet breakup, bubble dynamics, and hydrodynamic instabilities.…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-09-03 Sukriti Manna , Constantine M Megaridis , Subramanian KRS Sankaranarayanan

We consider the impingement of a droplet onto a wall with high impact speed. To model this process we favour a diffuse-interface concept. Precisely, we suggest a compressible Navier--Stokes--Allen--Cahn model. Basic properties of the model…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2019-09-30 Lukas Ostrowski , Christian Rohde

We consider the numerical approximations of a two-phase hydrodynamics coupled phase-field model that incorporates the variable densities, viscosities and moving contact line boundary conditions. The model is a nonlinear, coupled system that…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2017-02-15 Haijun Yu , Xiaofeng Yang

The movement of the triple contact line plays a crucial role in many applications such as ink-jet printing, liquid coating and drainage (imbibition) in porous media. To design accurate computational tools for these applications, predictive…

We propose an efficient numerical method for the simulation of multi-phase flows with moving contact lines in three dimensions. The mathematical model consists of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations for the two immiscible fluids with…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2023-02-08 Quan Zhao , Shixin Xu , Weiqing Ren

We derive a thermodynamically consistent model, which describes the time evolution of a two-phase flow in an evolving domain. The movement of the free boundary of the domain is driven by the velocity field of the mixture in the bulk, which…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2026-04-29 Patrik Knopf , Yadong Liu

From extensive molecular dynamics simulations on immiscible two-phase flows, we find the relative slipping between the fluids and the solid wall everywhere to follow the generalized Navier boundary condition, in which the amount of slipping…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-11-07 Tiezheng Qian , Xiao-Ping Wang , Ping Sheng

We introduce a coupled Cahn-Hilliard Navier-Stokes model that governs the two-phase dynamics of a system that consists of a fluid and a solid phase and prove its thermodynamic consistency. Moreover, we present an associated fully-discrete…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-01-15 Cedric Riethmüller , Lars von Wolff , Dominik Göddeke , Christian Rohde

Static droplets serve as fundamental benchmarks for interface-resolved simulations of two-phase flows. However, their accurate representation in phase-field models remains elusive due to persistent numerical artifacts. This work rigorously…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-08-22 Jun Lai

In this paper, we present a novel approach to model the fluid/solid interaction forces in a direct solver of the Navier-Stokes equations based on the volume of fluid interface tracking method. The key ingredient of the model is the explicit…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2015-06-16 Kyle Mahady , Shahriar Afkhami , Lou Kondic

The complicated dynamics of the contact line of a moving droplet on a solid substrate often hamper the efficient modeling of microfluidic systems. In particular, the selection of the effective boundary conditions, specifying the contact…

We investigate the limiting behavior of the Navier-Stokes-Cahn-Hilliard model for binary-fluid flows as the diffuse-interface thickness passes to zero, in the presence of fluid-fluid-solid contact lines. Allowing for motion of such contact…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-07-09 T. H. B. Demont , S. K. F. Stoter , C. Diddens , E. H. van Brummelen

Controlling the shape and position of moving and pinned droplets on a solid surface is an important feature often found in microfluidic applications. However, automating them, e.g., for high-throughput applications, does rarely involve…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2020-07-09 Henning Bonart , Christian Kahle , Jens-Uwe Repke
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