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Individualized treatment rules (ITRs) are deterministic decision rules that recommend treatments to individuals based on their characteristics. Though ubiquitous in medicine, ITRs are hardly ever evaluated in randomized controlled trials.…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-08-22 François Grolleau , Francois Petit , Raphaël Porcher

Recent statistical and reinforcement learning methods have significantly advanced patient care strategies. However, these approaches face substantial challenges in high-stakes contexts, including missing data, inherent stochasticity, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Harsh Parikh , Quinn Lanners , Zade Akras , Sahar F. Zafar , M. Brandon Westover , Cynthia Rudin , Alexander Volfovsky

Online contention resolution schemes (OCRSs) are a central tool in Bayesian online selection and resource allocation: they convert fractional ex-ante relaxations into feasible online policies while preserving each marginal probability up to…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Mohammad Reza Aminian , Rad Niazadeh , Pranav Nuti

We consider an adaptive experiment for treatment choice and design a minimax and Bayes optimal adaptive experiment with respect to regret. Given binary treatments, the experimenter's goal is to choose the treatment with the highest expected…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-12-10 Masahiro Kato

Collaborative Topic Regression (CTR) combines ideas of probabilistic matrix factorization (PMF) and topic modeling (e.g., LDA) for recommender systems, which has gained increasing successes in many applications. Despite enjoying many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-05-31 Chenghao Liu , Tao Jin , Steven C. H. Hoi , Peilin Zhao , Jianling Sun

With the advancement of treatment modalities in radiation therapy for cancer patients, outcomes have improved, but at the cost of increased treatment plan complexity and planning time. The accurate prediction of dose distributions would…

Medical Physics · Physics 2018-12-03 Dan Nguyen , Troy Long , Xun Jia , Weiguo Lu , Xuejun Gu , Zohaib Iqbal , Steve Jiang

Recurrent events, characterized by the repeated occurrence of the same event in an individual, are a common type of data in medical research. Motivated by cancer recurrences, we aim to estimate the optimal individualized treatment regime…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-02-18 Zi-Shu Zhan , Jin-Lun Zhang , Chen Shi , Xiao-Han Xu , Chun-Quan Ou

The effects of molecularly targeted drug perturbations on cellular activities and fates are difficult to predict using intuition alone because of the complex behaviors of cellular regulatory networks. An approach to overcoming this problem…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2019-01-15 Afroza Shirin , Isaac Klickstein , Song Feng , Yen Ting Lin , William S. Hlavacek , Francesco Sorrentino

Dynamic treatment regime (DTR) plays a critical role in precision medicine when assigning patient-specific treatments at multiple stages and optimizing a long term clinical outcome. However, most of existing work about DTRs have been…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-02-20 Chang Wang , Lu Wang

Conditional effects are commonly used measures for understanding how treatment effects vary across different groups, and are often used to target treatments/interventions to groups who benefit most. In this work we review existing methods…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-14 Jiacheng Ge , Iván Díaz

This paper is concerned with the theoretical and computational development of a new class of nonlinear filtering algorithms called the optimal transport particle filters (OTPF). The algorithm is based on a recently introduced variational…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-04-04 Mohammad Al-Jarrah , Bamdad Hosseini , Amirhossein Taghvaei

Real-world clinical decision making is a complex process that involves balancing the risks and benefits of treatments. Quality-adjusted lifetime is a composite outcome that combines patient quantity and quality of life, making it an…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-12-09 Hao Sun , Ashkan Ertefaie , Luke Duttweiler , Brent A. Johnson

The sequential treatment decisions made by physicians to treat chronic diseases are formalized in the statistical literature as dynamic treatment regimes. To date, methods for dynamic treatment regimes have been developed under the…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-02-22 Janie Coulombe , Erica E. M. Moodie , Susan M. Shortreed , Christel Renoux

Bayesian optimisation is a powerful tool to solve expensive black-box problems, but fails when the stationary assumption made on the objective function is strongly violated, which is the case in particular for ill-conditioned or…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-12-06 Victor Picheny , Sattar Vakili , Artem Artemev

A mathematical model for time development of metastases and their distribution in size and carrying capacity is presented. The model is used to theoretically investigate anti-cancer therapies such as surgery and chemical treatments…

Tissues and Organs · Quantitative Biology 2013-06-21 Sebastien Benzekry , Dominique Barbolosi , Assia Benabdallah , Florence Hubert , Philip Hahnfeldt

An important goal of precision medicine is to personalize medical treatment by identifying individuals who are most likely to benefit from a specific treatment. The Likely Responder (LR) framework, which identifies a subpopulation where…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-13 Annan Deng , Carole Siegel , Hyung G. Park

Adaptive therapy improves cancer treatment by controlling the competition between sensitive and resistant cells through treatment holidays. This study highlights the critical role of treatment-holiday thresholds in adaptive therapy for…

Other Quantitative Biology · Quantitative Biology 2025-07-15 Lanfei Sun , Haifeng Zhang , Kai Kang , Xiaoxin Wang , Leyi Zhang , Yanan Cai , Changjing Zhuge , Lei Zhang

Proton therapy is a modality in fast development. Characterized by a maximum dose deposition at the end of the proton trajectory followed by a sharp fall-off, proton beams can deliver a highly conformal dose to the tumor while sparing…

Medical Physics · Physics 2022-05-18 François Smekens , Nicolas Freud , Bruno Sixou , Guillaume Beslon , Jean M Létang

In the last year more than 70,000 people have been brought to the UK hospitals with serious injuries. Each time a clinician has to urgently take a patient through a screening procedure to make a reliable decision on the trauma treatment.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2008-05-27 L. Jakaite , V. Schetinin

We propose and analyze an optimal control problem associated with a Keller-Segel type parabolic system with chemoattraction, modeling the glioblastoma growth in a bi-dimensional bounded domain, influenced by the presence of oxygen where the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-24 Juan J. Forero-Hernańdez , Francisco Guillén-González , Élder J. Villamizar-Roa