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Geometric uncertainty can degrade treatment quality in radiation therapy. While margins and robust optimization mitigate these effects, they provide only implicit control over clinical goal fulfillment probability. We therefore develop a…

Medical Physics · Physics 2026-01-14 Albin Fredriksson , Erik Engwall , Jenneke de Jong , Johan Sundström

To achieve the goal of providing the best possible care to each patient, physicians need to customize treatments for patients with the same diagnosis, especially when treating diseases that can progress further and require additional…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-10-25 Xiao Li , Brent R Logan , S M Ferdous Hossain , Erica E M Moodie

A treatment regime is a function that maps individual patient information to a recommended treatment, hence explicitly incorporating the heterogeneity in need for treatment across individuals. Patient responses are dichotomous and can be…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-07-07 Yingfei Wang , Warren Powell

One primary goal of precision medicine is to estimate the individualized treatment rules (ITRs) that optimize patients' health outcomes based on individual characteristics. Health studies with multiple treatments are commonly seen in…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-05-07 Xuqiao Li , Qiuyan Zhou , Ying Wu , Ying Yan

In early-phase cancer clinical trials, the limited availability of data presents significant challenges in developing a framework to efficiently quantify treatment effectiveness. To address this, we propose a novel utility-based Bayesian…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-06-10 Saurabh Bhandari , Michael J. Daniels , Chenguang Wang

The problem of chemotherapy treatment optimization can be defined in order to minimize the size of the tumor without endangering the patient's health; therefore, chemotherapy requires to achieve a number of objectives, simultaneously. For…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Mina Jafari , Behnam Ghavami , Vahid Sattari Naeini

In many applied optimization settings, parameters that define the constraints may not guarantee the best possible solution, and superior solutions might exist that are infeasible for the given parameter values. Removing such constraints,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-07-22 Farzin Ahmadi , Todd R. McNutt , Kimia Ghobadi

We develop a mathematical framework to define an optimal individualized treatment rule (ITR) within the context of prioritized outcomes in a randomized controlled trial. Our optimality criterion is based on the framework of generalized…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-06-17 François Petit , Gérard Biau , Raphaël Porcher

Multistate process data are common in studies of chronic diseases such as cancer. These data are ideal for precision medicine purposes as they can be leveraged to improve more refined health outcomes, compared to standard survival outcomes,…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-11-28 Giorgos Bakoyannis

Dynamic treatment regimes (DTRs) are sequences of functions that formalize the process of precision medicine. DTRs take as input patient information and output treatment recommendations. A major focus of the DTR literature has been on the…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-02-21 Dylan Spicker , Michael P. Wallace , Grace Y. Yi

The aim is to create a method for accurately estimating the duration of post-cancer treatment, particularly focused on chemotherapy, to optimize patient care and recovery. This initiative seeks to improve the effectiveness of cancer…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Joyee Chakraborty , Mazahrul Islam Tohin , Danbir Rashid , Tanjil Ahmed Tanmoy , Md. Jehadul Islam Mony

A framework for online robust adaptive radiation therapy (ART) is presented. This framework is designed to (i) handle interfractional geometric variations following a probability distribution different from the a priori hypothesis, (ii)…

Medical Physics · Physics 2020-09-09 Michelle Böck

Radiation Therapy (RT) plays a pivotal role in the treatment of cancer, offering the potential to effectively target and eliminate tumour cells while minimizing harm to surrounding healthy tissues. However, the success of RT heavily depends…

Medical Physics · Physics 2024-02-16 Keshav Kumar K. , NVSL Narasimham , A. Ramakrishna Prasad

Optimal treatment rules can improve health outcomes on average by assigning a treatment associated with the most desirable outcome to each individual. Due to an unknown data generation mechanism, it is appealing to use flexible models to…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-11-21 Lingjie Shen , Gijs Geleijnse , Maurits Kaptein

We develop a methodology to create data-driven predictive digital twins for optimal risk-aware clinical decision-making. We illustrate the methodology as an enabler for an anticipatory personalized treatment that accounts for uncertainties…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Anirban Chaudhuri , Graham Pash , David A. Hormuth , Guillermo Lorenzo , Michael Kapteyn , Chengyue Wu , Ernesto A. B. F. Lima , Thomas E. Yankeelov , Karen Willcox

We consider the effects of parameter uncertainty on the optimal radiation schedule in the context of the linear-quadratic model. Our interest arises from the observation that if inter-patient variations in OAR and tumor sensitivities to…

Tissues and Organs · Quantitative Biology 2015-06-05 Hamidreza Badri , Yoichi Watanabe , Kevin Leder

In precision medicine, identifying optimal sequences of decision rules, termed dynamic treatment regimes (DTRs), is an important undertaking. One approach investigators may take to infer about optimal DTRs is via Bayesian dynamic Marginal…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-06-09 Daniel Rodriguez Duque , David A. Stephens , Erica E. M. Moodie

Estimating individualized treatment rules (ITRs) is crucial for tailoring interventions in precision medicine. Typical ITR estimation methods rely on conditional average treatment effects (CATEs) to guide treatment assignments. However,…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-20 Peng Wu , Qing Jiang , Shanshan Luo , Zhi Geng

The individualized treatment rule (ITR), which recommends an optimal treatment based on individual characteristics, has drawn considerable interest from many areas such as precision medicine, personalized education, and personalized…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-09-28 Qi Xu , Haoda Fu , Annie Qu

Public policies and medical interventions often involve dynamic treatment assignments, in which individuals receive a sequence of interventions over multiple stages. We study the statistical learning of optimal dynamic treatment regimes…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-05-21 Shosei Sakaguchi