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Quantum physics can be exploited to generate true random numbers, which play important roles in many applications, especially in cryptography. Genuine randomness from the measurement of a quantum system reveals the inherent nature of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-08-29 Xiongfeng Ma , Xiao Yuan , Zhu Cao , Bing Qi , Zhen Zhang

Traditional quantum random number generators can produce only one type of random number, while the optimal distribution of random numbers for different applications is usually distinct. The typical solution to this challenge is either using…

Random number generation is crucial in many aspects of everyday life, as online security and privacy depend ultimately on the quality of random numbers. Many current implementations are based on pseudo-random number generators, but…

We consider procedures of sampling parts from a random integer partition. We determine asymptotically the probabilty distribution of the randomly-selected part whenever the positive integer that is partitioned becomes large.

Probability · Mathematics 2014-02-18 Ljuben Mutafchiev

We present algorithms for generating small random samples without replacement. We consider two cases. We present an algorithm for sampling a pair of distinct integers, and an algorithm for sampling a triple of distinct integers. The…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-01-10 Vincent A. Cicirello

We implement a quantum random number generator based on a balanced homodyne measurement of vacuum fluctuations of the electromagnetic field. The digitized signal is directly processed with a fast randomness extraction scheme based on a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-05-31 Yicheng Shi , Brenda Chng , Christian Kurtsiefer

Random numbers are an important resource for applications such as numerical simulation and secure communication. However, it is difficult to certify whether a physical random number generator is truly unpredictable. Here, we exploit the…

Randomness, mainly in the form of random numbers, is the fundamental prerequisite for the security of many cryptographic tasks. Quantum randomness can be extracted even if adversaries are fully aware of the protocol and even control the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-24 Wen-Bo Liu , Yu-Shuo Lu , Yao Fu , Si-Cheng Huang , Ze-Jie Yin , Kun Jiang , Hua-Lei Yin , Zeng-Bing Chen

We describe random processes (with binary alphabet) whose entropy is less than 1 (per letter), but they mimic true random process, i.e., by definition, generated sequence can be interpreted as the result of the flips of a fair coin with…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-12-23 Boris Ryabko

We experimentally demonstrate an all-optical random number generator based on spontaneous symmetry breaking in a coherently-driven Kerr resonator. Random bit sequences are generated by repeatedly tuning a control parameter across a…

Randomized quasi-Monte Carlo (RQMC) sampling can bring orders of magnitude reduction in variance compared to plain Monte Carlo (MC) sampling. The extent of the efficiency gain varies from problem to problem and can be hard to predict. This…

Computation · Statistics 2017-06-26 Art B. Owen

Random numbers play a crucial role in science and industry. Many numerical methods require the use of random numbers, in particular the Monte Carlo method. Therefore it is of paramount importance to have efficient random number generators.…

Computational Physics · Physics 2010-05-25 Helmut G. Katzgraber

The entropy or randomness source is an essential ingredient in random number generation. Quantum random number generators generally require well modeled and calibrated light sources, such as a laser, to generate randomness. With…

We propose and demonstrate a technique for quantum random number generation based on the random population of the output spatial modes of a beam splitter when both inputs are simultaneously fed with indistinguishable weak coherent states.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-08-19 T. Ferreira da Silva , G. B. Xavier , G. C. Amaral , G. P. Temporão , J. P. von der Weid

Pseudorandom values are often generated as 64-bit binary words. These random words need to be converted into ranged values without statistical bias. We present an efficient algorithm to generate multiple independent uniformly-random bounded…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Nevin Brackett-Rozinsky , Daniel Lemire

Much scientific work has focused on the generation of random numbers as well as the distribution of said random numbers for use as a cryptographic key. However, emphasis is often placed on one of the two to the exclusion of the other, but…

Classical Physics · Physics 2020-08-14 Nicholas Bornman , Andrew Forbes , Achim Kempf

It is well-known that the quality of random number generators can often be improved by combining several generators, e.g. by summing or subtracting their results. In this paper we investigate the ratio of two random number generators as an…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2016-12-23 Michael Kolonko , Zijun Wu , Feng Gu

Even if the output of a Random Number Generator (RNG) is perfectly uniformly distributed, it may be correlated to pre-existing information and therefore be predictable. Statistical tests are thus not sufficient to guarantee that an RNG is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-11-20 Daniela Frauchiger , Renato Renner , Matthias Troyer

The generation of random bits is of enormous importance in modern information science. Cryptographic security is based on random numbers which require a physical process for their generation. This is commonly performed by hardware random…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-12-07 Tobias Steinle , Johannes N. Greiner , Jörg Wrachtrup , Harald Giessen , Ilja Gerhardt

Rejection sampling is a popular method used to generate numbers that follow some given distribution. We study the use of this method to generate random numbers in the unit interval from increasing probability density functions. We focus on…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Louis-Roy Langevin , Alex Waese-Perlman