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The gravitational lensing of gravitational waves should be treated in the wave optics instead of the geometrical optics when the wave length $\lambda$ of the gravitational waves is larger than the Schwarzschild radius of the lens mass $M$.…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Ryuichi Takahashi

It is shown that accurate photometric observations of a relatively high--magnification microlensing event ($A\gg 1$), occurring close to the line of sight of a gravitational wave (GW) source, represented by a binary star, can allow the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 R. Ragazzoni , G. Valente , E. Marchetti

In this paper, we forecast the expected detection rates and redshift distributions of gravitationally lensed gravitational waves (GWs) from three different mass distributions of primordial black holes (PBHs) and two stellar formation models…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-02-01 Bin Liu , Zhengxiang Li , Shaoxin Zhao , Huan Zhou , He Gao

We investigate the gravitational wave (GW) signals emitted by planetary-mass primordial black holes (PBHs) passing nearby or traversing neutron stars (NSs). While previous studies mainly focused on the detailed waveforms of the signals, we…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-03-02 Nicolas Esser , Juan García-Bellido , Peter Tinyakov

The effect of gravitational wave of cosmological wavelength on the gravitational lensing is investigated. When the source, deflector, and observer are aligned in a highly symmetric configuration, an Einstein ring will be observed by the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-11-04 Wenshuai Liu

The increase in gravitational wave (GW) events has allowed receiving strong lensing image pairs of GWs. However, the wave effect (diffraction and interference) due to the microlens field contaminates the parameter estimation of the image…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-12-24 Xikai Shan , Guoliang Li , Xuechun Chen , Wenwen Zheng , Wen Zhao

Gravitational-wave astronomy plays a crucial role in early universe cosmology, dark matter detection, and black-hole merger studies. It is shown here that the heterodyne detection of the gravito-optic effect (employing an enhanced…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-05-01 Eduard Atonga , Ramy Aboushelbaya , Peter Norreys

Utilizing gravitational-wave (GW) lensing opens a new way to understand the small-scale structure of the universe. We show that, in spite of its coarse angular resolution and short duration of observation, LIGO can detect the GW lensing…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-02-06 Sunghoon Jung , Chang Sub Shin

We study the scattering of massive spin-half waves by a Schwarzschild black hole using analytical and numerical methods. We begin by extending a recent perturbation theory calculation to next order to obtain Born series for the differential…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-11 Sam Dolan , Chris Doran , Anthony Lasenby

On September 14, 2015 at 09:50:45 UTC the two detectors of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory simultaneously observed a transient gravitational-wave signal. The signal sweeps upwards in frequency from 35 to 250 Hz with…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-02-24 The LIGO Scientific Collaboration , the Virgo Collaboration

Pulsar Timing Arrays (PTAs) are expected to be able to detect gravitational waves (GWs) from individual supermassive black hole binaries in the near future. In order to identify the host galaxy of a gravitational wave source, the angular…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-12-20 Ryo Kato , Keitaro Takahashi

We propose a space-based interferometer surveying the gravitational wave (GW) sky in the milli-Hz to $\mu$-Hz frequency range. By the 2040s', the $\mu$-Hz frequency band, bracketed in between the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA)…

Discovery of strongly-lensed gravitational wave (GW) sources will unveil binary compact objects at higher redshifts and lower intrinsic luminosities than is possible without lensing. Such systems will yield unprecedented constraints on the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-05-07 G. P. Smith , C. P. L. Berry , M. Bianconi , W. M. Farr , M. Jauzac , R. J. Massey , J. Richard , A. Robertson , K. Sharon , A. Vecchio , J. Veitch

In general relativity (GR), gravitational waves (GWs) propagate the well-known plus and cross polarization modes which are the signature of a massless spin-2 field. However, diffraction of GWs caused by intervening objects along the line of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-01-12 Charles Dalang , Giulia Cusin , Macarena Lagos

Until recently, the only way to observe the Universe was from light received by telescopes. But we are now able to measure gravitational waves, which are ripples in the fabric of the Universe predicted by Albert Einstein. If two very dense…

Popular Physics · Physics 2019-06-19 Stephen R. Taylor

Gravitational waves from precessing binary black holes exhibit new features that are absent in non-precessionary systems. All current waveform models take into account only the modulation of the signal due to precession. In this letter, we…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-12-22 Cheng Zhang , Wen-Biao Han , Shu-Cheng Yang

Gravitational waves (GWs) from distant sources such as inspiralling and merging stellar-mass compact binaries, intermediate-mass and supermassive-binary-black-hole can be gravitationally lensed by intervening objects, ranging from stars and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-05-19 Zhiwei Chen , Youjun Lu

When a moving gravitational-wave (GW) source travels behind a massive astrophysical object, its signal is gravitationally lensed, showing a waveform distortion similar to a Paczy\'{n}ski curve. We present a first study of the lensing…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-12-12 Helena Ubach

In this paper we study wave propagation and scattering near a rotating black hole. In particular, we assume a coherent emission source near the black hole and investigate the wavefront distortion as seen by a distant observer. Near the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-08-05 Huan Yang , Marc Casals

Gravitational waves (GW), as light, are gravitationally lensed by intervening matter, deflecting their trajectories, delaying their arrival and occasionally producing multiple images. In theories beyond general relativity (GR), new…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-01-04 Jose María Ezquiaga , Miguel Zumalacárregui