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We propose techniques for approximating bilevel optimization problems with non-smooth lower level problems that can have a non-unique solution. To this end, we substitute the expression of a minimizer of the lower level minimization problem…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-04-27 Peter Ochs , René Ranftl , Thomas Brox , Thomas Pock

A wide range of applications arising in machine learning and signal processing can be cast as convex optimization problems. These problems are often ill-posed, i.e., the optimal solution lacks a desired property such as uniqueness or…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-07-18 Mostafa Amini , Farzad Yousefian

In this paper we present a variant of the proximal forward-backward splitting iteration for solving nonsmooth optimization problems in Hilbert spaces, when the objective function is the sum of two nondifferentiable convex functions. The…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-01-13 Jose Yunier Bello Cruz

This paper considers the simple bilevel optimization (SBO) problem, which minimizes a composite convex function over the optimal solution set of another composite convex minimization problem. We first show that this bilevel problem is…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-07-11 Rujun Jiang , Xu Shi , Weizheng Song , Jiulin Wang

We consider rather a general class of multi-level optimization problems, where a convex objective function is to be minimized subject to constraints of optimality of nested convex optimization problems. As a special case, we consider a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-04-30 Allahkaram Shafiei , Vyacheslav Kungurtsev , Jakub Marecek

Bilevel optimization problems embed the optimality of a subproblem as a constraint of another optimization problem. We introduce the concept of near-optimality robustness for bilevel optimization, protecting the upper-level solution…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-07-15 Mathieu Besançon , Miguel F. Anjos , Luce Brotcorne

In this paper we propose a sequential minimax optimization (SMO) method for solving a class of constrained bilevel optimization problems in which the lower-level part is a possibly nonsmooth convex optimization problem, while the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-11-11 Zhaosong Lu , Sanyou Mei

We propose in this paper a proximal and contraction method for solving a convex mixed variational inequality problem in a real Hilbert space. To accelerate the convergence of our proposed method, we incorporate an inertial extrapolation…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-11-25 Chidi Elijah Nwakpa , Austine Efut Ofem , Kalu Okam Okorie , Chinedu Izuchukwu , Chibueze Christian Okeke

In this paper, we introduce a new functional point of view on bilevel optimization problems for machine learning, where the inner objective is minimized over a function space. These types of problems are most often solved by using methods…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-12-10 Ieva Petrulionyte , Julien Mairal , Michael Arbel

Bilevel optimization has been developed for many machine learning tasks with large-scale and high-dimensional data. This paper considers a constrained bilevel optimization problem, where the lower-level optimization problem is convex with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Siyuan Xu , Minghui Zhu

Bilevel optimization is a hierarchical framework where an upper-level optimization problem is constrained by a lower-level problem, commonly used in machine learning applications such as hyperparameter optimization. Existing bilevel…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-03 Yuman Wu , Xiaochuan Gong , Jie Hao , Mingrui Liu

In this paper, we introduce a \textit{Bi-level OPTimization} (BiOPT) framework for minimizing the sum of two convex functions, where both can be nonsmooth. The BiOPT framework involves two levels of methodologies. At the upper level of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-07-14 Masoud Ahookhosh , Yurii Nesterov

We study a bilevel variational inequality problem where the feasible set is itself the solution set of another variational inequality. Motivated by the difficulty of computing projections onto such sets, we consider a regularized…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-07-23 M. Marques Alves , Kangming Chen , Ellen H. Fukuda

In this paper, we consider a non-convex problem which is the sum of $\ell_0$-norm and a convex smooth function under box constraint. We propose one proximal iterative hard thresholding type method with extrapolation step used for…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-01-03 Xue Zhang , Xiaoqun Zhang

Forward-backward methods are a very useful tool for the minimization of a functional given by the sum of a differentiable term and a nondifferentiable one and their investigation has experienced several efforts from many researchers in the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2015-06-10 Silvia Bonettini , Federica Porta , Valeria Ruggiero

It is well known that bilevel optimization problems are hard to solve both in theory and practice. In this paper, we highlight a further computational difficulty when it comes to solving bilevel problems with continuous but nonconvex lower…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-05-04 Yasmine Beck , Daniel Bienstock , Martin Schmidt , Johannes Thürauf

This paper introduces a novel double regularization scheme for bilevel optimization problems whose lower-level problem is composite and convex, but not necessarily strongly convex, in the lower-level variable. The analysis focuses on the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-06 Mattia Solla , Johannes O. Royset

We propose an optimization proxy in terms of iterative implicit gradient methods for solving constrained optimization problems with nonconvex loss functions. This framework can be applied to a broad range of machine learning settings,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-10-14 Harshal D. Kaushik , Ming Jin

In this paper, we propose two algorithms for solving convex optimization problems with linear ascending constraints. When the objective function is separable, we propose a dual method which terminates in a finite number of iterations. In…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2014-09-26 Zizhuo Wang

Extrapolation is a well-known technique for solving convex optimization and variational inequalities and recently attracts some attention for non-convex optimization. Several recent works have empirically shown its success in some machine…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-02-06 Yi Xu , Zhuoning Yuan , Sen Yang , Rong Jin , Tianbao Yang