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Let $G$ be a graph that admits a perfect matching. A {\sf forcing set} for a perfect matching $M$ of $G$ is a subset $S$ of $M$, such that $S$ is contained in no other perfect matching of $G$. This notion originally arose in chemistry in…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2009-03-17 Peyman Afshani , Hamed Hatami , Ebadollah S. Mahmoodian

A platypus graph is a non-hamiltonian graph for which every vertex-deleted subgraph is traceable. They are closely related to families of graphs satisfying interesting conditions regarding longest paths and longest cycles, for instance…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-12-15 Jan Goedgebeur , Addie Neyt , Carol T. Zamfirescu

By considering graphs as discrete analogues of Riemann surfaces, Baker and Norine (Adv. Math. 2007) developed a concept of linear systems of divisors for graphs. Building on this idea, a concept of gonality for graphs has been defined and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-07-12 Kevin Hendrey

While graphs and abstract data structures can be large and complex, practical instances are often regular or highly structured. If the instance has sufficient structure, we might hope to compress the object into a more succinct…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Shreya Gupta , Boyang Huang , Russell Impagliazzo , Stanley Woo , Christopher Ye

We define direct sums and a corresponding notion of connectedness for graph limits. Every graph limit has a unique decomposition as a direct sum of connected components. As is well-known, graph limits may be represented by symmetric…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2008-04-10 Svante Janson

We show that every interval in the homomorphism order of finite undirected graphs is either universal or a gap. Together with density and universality this "fractal" property contributes to the spectacular properties of the homomorphism…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-05-17 Jiří Fiala , Jan Hubička , Yangjing Long , Jaroslav Nešetřil

In this work, we study the properties of sampling sets on families of large graphs by leveraging the theory of graphons and graph limits. To this end, we extend to graphon signals the notion of removable and uniqueness sets, which was…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Alejandro Parada-Mayorga , Alejandro Ribeiro

We define a graph structure associated in a natural way to finite fields that nevertheless distinguishes between different models of isomorphic fields.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2020-12-24 Anders Karlsson , Gaëtan Kuhn

We show that if a group can be represented as a graph product of finite directly indecomposable groups, then this representation is unique.

Group Theory · Mathematics 2010-08-09 David G. Radcliffe

We give a survey of basic results on the cut norm and cut metric for graphons (and sometimes more general kernels), with emphasis on the equivalence problem. The main results are not new, but we add various technical complements, and a new…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-06-06 Svante Janson

Given a graph and a representation of its fundamental group, there is a naturally associated twisted adjacency operator. The main result of this article is the fact that these operators behave in a controlled way under graph covering maps.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-08-22 David Cimasoni , Adrien Kassel

The law of a finite graph is a probability measure induced by the orbits of the graph under its automorphism group. Every law satisfies the intrinsic mass transport principle, which is also known as unimodularity. We discuss the convergence…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-03-30 Igor Artemenko

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are composed of layers consisting of graph convolutions and pointwise nonlinearities. Due to their invariance and stability properties, GNNs are provably successful at learning representations from data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-09 Luana Ruiz , Luiz F. O. Chamon , Alejandro Ribeiro

We investigate topological, combinatorial, statistical, and enumeration properties of finite graphs with high Kolmogorov complexity (almost all graphs) using the novel incompressibility method. Example results are: (i) the mean and variance…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Harry Buhrman , Ming Li , John Tromp , Paul Vitanyi

We prove measurable analogues of Whitney's classical theorems on weak isomorphisms of finite graphs. In the setting of locally finite graphings, we introduce a notion of weak isomorphism as an edge-measure-preserving Borel bijection that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-18 Márton Borbényi , Grigory Terlov , László Márton Tóth

We prove that the theory of the Farey graph is pseudofinite by constructing a sequence of finite structures that satisfy increasingly large subsets of its first-order axiomatization. This graph is an important object in the study of curve…

Logic · Mathematics 2026-03-26 Connor Martinez Lockhart

In this thesis we consider ordered graphs (that is, graphs with a fixed linear ordering on their vertices). We summarize and further investigations on the number of edges an ordered graph may have while avoiding a fixed forbidden ordered…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2009-07-16 Craig Weidert

Graphene is generally considered to be a strong candidate to succeed silicon as an electronic material. However, to date, it actually has not yet demonstrated capabilities that exceed standard semiconducting materials. Currently…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2015-06-04 Yike Hu , Ming Ruan , Zelei Guo , Rui Dong , James Palmer , John Hankinson , Claire Berger , Walt A. de Heer

A graph in which all minimal zero forcing sets are in fact minimum size is called ``well-forced." This paper characterizes well-forced trees and presents an algorithm for determining which trees are well-forced. Additionally, we…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-12-25 Cheryl Grood , Ruth Haas , Bonnie Jacob , Erika King , Shahla Nasserasr

We study countable embedding-universal and homomorphism-universal structures and unify results related to both of these notions. We show that many universal and ultrahomogeneous structures allow a concise description (called here a finite…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-09-06 Jan Hubicka