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We consider large uniform labeled random graphs in different classes with few induced $P_4$ ($P_4$ is the graph consisting of a single line of $4$ vertices) which generalize the case of cographs. Our main result is the convergence to a…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-10-25 Théo Lenoir

A countable, bounded degree graph is almost finite if it has a tiling with isomorphic copies of finitely many F\o lner sets, and we call it strongly almost finite, if the tiling can be randomized so that the probability that a vertex is on…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2025-09-22 Gábor Elek , Ádám Timár

The theory of graphons has proven to be a powerful tool in many areas of graph theory. In this paper, we introduce several foundational aspects of the theory of digraphons -- asymmetric two-variable functions that arise as limits of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-16 Jan Hladký , Petr Savický

The recent theory of graph limits gives a powerful framework for understanding the properties of suitable (convergent) sequences $(G_n)$ of graphs in terms of a limiting object which may be represented by a symmetric function $W$ on…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-08-21 Bela Bollobas , Svante Janson , Oliver Riordan

We prove that the invariably generating graph of a finite group can have an arbitrarily large number of connected components with at least two vertices.

Group Theory · Mathematics 2021-02-15 Daniele Garzoni

We consider the problem of estimating graph limits, known as graphons, from observations of sequences of sparse finite graphs. In this paper we show a simple method that can shed light on a subset of sparse graphs. The method involves…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-07-08 Sevvandi Kandanaarachchi , Cheng Soon Ong

Hypergraphs are structures that can be decomposed or described; in other words they are recursively countable. Here, we get exact and asymptotic enumeration results on hypergraphs by means of exponential generating functions. The number of…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2008-06-20 Tsiriniaina Andriamampianina

Exchangeable random graphs, which include some of the most widely studied network models, have emerged as the mainstay of statistical network analysis in recent years. Graphons, which are the central objects in graph limit theory, provide a…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-09-17 Anirban Chatterjee , Soham Dan , Bhaswar B. Bhattacharya

We associate to a graphon $\gamma$ the sequence of $W$-random graphs $(G_n(\gamma))_{n \geq 1}$. We say that the graphon is singular if, for any finite graph $F$, the homomorphism density $t(F,G_n(\gamma))$ has a variance of order…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-03-30 Pierre-Loïc Méliot

Assume that $G$ is a finite group. For every $a, b \in\mathbb N,$ we define a graph $\Gamma_{a,b}(G)$ whose vertices correspond to the elements of $G^a\cup G^b$ and in which two tuples $(x_1,\dots,x_a)$ and $(y_1,\dots,y_b)$ are adjacent if…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2020-06-23 Cristina Acciarri , Andrea Lucchini

In their study of the giant component in inhomogeneous random graphs, Bollob\'as, Janson, and Riordan introduced a class of branching processes parametrized by a possibly unbounded graphon. We prove that the tree structures underlying two…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-08-27 Jan Hladký , Eng Keat Hng , Anna Margarethe Limbach

We define a covering of a profinite graph to be a projective limit of a system of covering maps of finite graphs. With this notion of covering, we develop a covering theory for profinite graphs which is in many ways analogous to the…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2015-07-06 Amrita Acharyya , Jon M. Corson , Bikash Das

We study the metric dimension (strong and weak) of infinite graphs. In particular, our main interest is characterizing infinite graphs with finite dimension. Our main results: (1) graphs with more than one end have infinite strong…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-17 Csaba Biró , Caroline E. Boone , Beth Novick , Hazel Torek

In this work we develop a theory of hierarchical clustering for graphs. Our modeling assumption is that graphs are sampled from a graphon, which is a powerful and general model for generating graphs and analyzing large networks. Graphons…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-05-24 Justin Eldridge , Mikhail Belkin , Yusu Wang

For a degree sequence, we define the set of edges that appear in every labeled realization of that sequence as forced, while the edges that appear in none as forbidden. We examine structure of graphs whose degree sequences contain either…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-11-28 Brian Cloteaux

We prove a strong dichotomy result for countably-infinite oriented graphs; that is, we prove that for all countably-infinite oriented graphs $G$, either (i) there is a countably-infinite tournament $K$ such that $G\not\subseteq K$, or (ii)…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-05-02 Alistair Benford , Louis DeBiasio , Paul Larson

A sequence $D=(d_1,d_2,\ldots,d_n)$ of non-negative integers is called a graphic sequence if there is a simple graph with vertices $v_1,v_2,\ldots,v_n$ such that the degree of $v_i$ is $d_i$ for $1\leq i\leq n$. Given a graph theoretical…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-04-23 Peiyi Duan , Yingzhi Tian

Graphical designs are subsets of vertices of a graph that perfectly average a selected set of eigenvectors of the Graph Laplacian. We show that in highly-structured graphs, graphical designs can coincide with highly structured and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-07-18 Zawad Chowdhury , Stefan Steinerberger , Rekha R. Thomas

Graphons have traditionally served as limit objects for dense graph sequences, with the cut distance serving as the metric for convergence. However, sparse graph sequences converge to the trivial graphon under the conventional definition of…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-12 Xingchao Jian , Feng Ji , Wee Peng Tay

The notion of forcing sets for perfect matchings was introduced by Harary, Klein, and \v{Z}ivkovi\'{c}. The application of this problem in chemistry, as well as its interesting theoretical aspects, made this subject very active. In this…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-03-04 Javad B. Ebrahimi , Babak Ghanbari